From pre-religious antecedents and Eastern Han communities to modern institutions, linking events, states, temple administration and social change.
财神庙的版图呈现一个耐人寻味的格局：在正规道教丛林里，财神从来只是配殿神——白云观、天师府、上海城隍庙的财神殿都附于大宫观之内；单独成庙的「财神庙」大多是民间庙宇或新建景区。大陆一侧，陕西周至赵大村有明万历碑刻支撑的「财神故里」叙事，也有曲江文旅五亿元景区与借壳上市风波并存的「一神两庙」现实；山东淄川五松山是增福财神李诡祖祖庭，河南卫辉比…
「财神」在民间信仰中从来不是单一神祇，而是一个不断吸纳成员的职能神系：正财神赵公明之外，有以「无心不偏」的比干、「三聚三散」的范蠡、「三受皇封」的李诡祖、儒商鼻祖子贡为代表的文财神；有借晋商网络封圣的武财神关羽；有从江南五通淫祀「洗白」而来的五路财神；还有刘海蟾、沈万三、韩信、利市仙官、和合二仙等准财神与偏财神，以及在闽台财神化的土地公。…
正月初五「破五」迎财神是中国岁时民俗中生命力最强的一项：北宋《东京梦华录》已见岁末卖「财马」；清顾禄《清嘉录》记苏州「五日为路头神诞辰，金锣爆竹，牲醴毕陈，以争先为利市，必早起迎之，谓之接路头」，蔡云竹枝词更写活了「提防别处迎神早，隔夜匆匆抱路头」的抢财神心态。本文梳理迎财神民俗的完整链条：路头神与五路财神的关系、「财神生日」实为两套系统…
The Imperial Sovereign of Earth is one of the Four Sovereigns, presiding over mountains and rivers, yin-yang generation and the transformation of all beings, in a Heaven-…
Emperor Zhenzong of Song ordered Wang Qinruo to head the compilation of the Baowen tonglu (Comprehensive Record of Precious Writings); later Zhang Junfang took charge and…
The 'Five Thousand Words' is divided into the Dao Jing and the De Jing, teaching that the Dao follows what is spontaneously so (ziran), that one should govern through non…
John Chalmers published the first English translation of the Daodejing in 1868; further translations followed one after another — James Legge (1891), Richard Wilhelm (Ger…
During the Yuan dynasty and in the late Yuan–early Ming transition, the 268-juan Daofa huiyuan (Corpus of Daoist Ritual) was compiled, gathering the thunder rites and tal…
The Way of the Five Pecks of Rice made the Daodejing a scripture that adherents were required to recite, and produced the Xiang'er Commentary to expound the precepts of t…
The received text of the Liezi is generally held to have been compiled during the Wei–Jin period, while the Han bamboo slips excavated at Dingzhou in 1973 confirmed the p…
The Sanhuang Wen (Sanhuang Neiwen, Text of the Three Sovereigns) transmitted through the line of Bao Jing and Ge Hong used talismans to summon and command ghosts and spir…
The Ministry of the Interior of the Nanjing National Government promulgated the 'Standards for the Preservation and Abolition of Shrines,' classifying large numbers of po…
The Taiping Jing largely took its final form in the late Eastern Han, propounding the doctrines of inherited burden (chengfu), great peace, guarding the One, and the reso…
During the reign of Emperor Shun, Gong Chong of Langya presented the 170-fascicle Taiping Qingling Shu, a divine text obtained by his teacher Yu Ji (the principal source …
In the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli era, the fiftieth-generation Celestial Master Zhang Guoxiang was commanded to compile a supplement to the Daoist Canon, producing th…
A Warring States jade artifact bears an inscription of about 45 characters describing methods of circulating the breath (xingqi) — an early physical record of the arts of…
The Xingming guizhi (Principles of the Balanced Cultivation of Nature and Life), attributed to a disciple of Perfected Yin (Yin Zhenren) and published around the Wanli er…
In the ninth year of the Zhengtong era, Emperor Yingzong ordered Shao Yizheng and others to continue the collation and printing; the work was completed in the tenth year …
The Chinese Taoist Association collaborated with Huaxia Publishing House to punctuate, collate and re-edit the Zhengtong Daozang and its Wanli-era supplement as base text…
The newly revised Regulations on Religious Affairs took effect in February 2018; in April 2018 the State Council Information Office issued the white paper China's Policie…
The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang, edited by Kristofer Schipper and Franciscus Verellen in three volumes, was published by the University of Chicago…
The Chinese Communist Party Central Committee issued its Basic Viewpoint and Policy on the Religious Question during Our Country's Socialist Period (Document No. 19), rea…
Beyond the Three Caverns, the Four Supplements — Taixuan (the Laozi corpus), Taiping (the Scripture of Great Peace corpus), Taiqing (the alchemical scripture corpus), and…
Mount Longhu (Zhengyi), Maoshan (Shangqing), and Mount Gezao (Lingbao) each transmitted their own register methods with court recognition; by the late Northern Song they …
From 1966, all religious activity came to a complete halt; the Chinese Taoist Association ceased to function, temples were occupied by other units, images and scripture p…
After the An Lushan Rebellion, the state's policy of honoring Daoism continued, though control over it weakened. Emperor Xianzong (820), Emperor Muzong, Emperor Wuzong (8…
The Macau Taoist Association was founded, integrating the local Daoist halls and the Zhengyi ritual tradition of institutions such as the Wu Qingyun Daoyuan (Wu Qingyun D…
Bai Yuchan of Hainan studied under Chen Nan, receiving the alchemical methods transmitted through the line of Zhang Boduan–Shi Tai–Xue Daoguang–Chen Nan, and also transmi…
In November, the Chinese Taoist Association held the first Quanzhen precept-transmission ceremony since 1949 at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing; 75 ordinands from across …
In 1970, Share K. Lew founded the Taoist Sanctuary in Los Angeles, one of the earliest registered Daoist organizations in the United States; between 1968 and 1970, Moy Li…
In the first year of the Shiguang era, Kou Qianzhi arrived at Pingcheng and gained the support of Cui Hao, Minister of Education; Emperor Taiwu came to venerate the Dao. …
In the third year of the Jiande era, Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou abolished both Buddhism and Daoism, then established the Tongdao Guan (Belvedere of Pervading the Dao), s…
Chen Guofu's Studies on the Origins and Development of the Daoist Canon was published by Zhonghua Book Company, systematically examining the compilation history of succes…
Chen Minggui compiled Jin- and Yuan-dynasty Quanzhen historical materials into the eight-juan Changchun Daojiao Yuanliu, a forerunner of modern Daoist historiography; the…
Chen Tuan (Master Xiyi) lived through the Later Tang to the Song, retiring in seclusion at Jiushi Cliff on Wudang and the Yuntai Guan on Mount Hua. Emperor Taizong of Son…
Chen Yingning (1880–1969) went to the White Cloud Temple in Beijing and spent three years reading through the entire Zhengtong Daozang, laying the textual foundation for …
In 1933 Chen Yingning and Zhang Zhuming founded the Yangshan Semi-Monthly (Yangshan banyuekan) in Shanghai (running until 1937), and in 1939 continued with the Immortalit…
At the second National Congress in 1961, Chen Yingning was elected president; in 1962 the Association opened a training class for Daoist clergy (later renamed the Special…
Prognostication texts and apocrypha (chenwei) flourished at the turn of the Western and Eastern Han, and both Wang Mang and Emperor Guangwu relied on prophetic charts to …
The ascents to heaven, spirit journeys, and consumption of jade blossoms (qionghua) found in the 'Li Sao' and 'Yuan You' reflect the fusion of southern shamanic (wu-xi) c…
Daoist religious circles and academia have continued to debate the training of Daoist clergy, commercialization and the regulation of "fake Daoist priests", the temple ma…
The Centre for Daoist Culture Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong was founded in 2006, and Daojiao Yanjiu Xuebao (道教研究学报, Journal of Daoist Studies) was launch…
Japanese embassies to Tang China brought back Daoist scriptures and techniques; although Japan never developed an organized Daoist priesthood, elements of Daoism were abs…
Emperor Huizong of Song established Daoist Studies (daoxue), compiled the Daoshi (History of the Dao) and the Xianshi (History of the Immortals), instituted twenty-six ra…
The spirit-writing group 'Daoyuan' (Society of the Dao) was established in Jinan, and the following year the Red Swastika Society was formed in Beijing, engaging in chari…
With Dong Zhongshu's policy proposals and Emperor Wu's dismissal of the Hundred Schools in favor of exalting the Six Classics, Huang–Lao learning shifted from a technique…
Du Guangting (850–933) entered Shu during the reign of Emperor Xizong and served under the Former Shu regime. He compiled works including the Daode zhenjing guangshengyi …
Kristofer Schipper directed the Daoist Canon research project funded by the European Science Foundation in Paris (1979–2004), bringing together several dozen scholars to …
In the seventh year of the Dazhong Xiangfu era, Emperor Zhenzong of Song personally traveled to the Taiqing Gong at Bozhou to pay homage, and augmented Laozi's title to S…
During the reign of Möngke Khan, disputes over the Scripture of Laozi's Conversion of the Barbarians (Huahu jing) and monastic property led to three debates between Buddh…
In March, the Fifth National Congress of the Chinese Taoist Association convened; Fu Yuantian of Mount Qingcheng was elected president. In 1995 Fu Yuantian was installed …
During the reign of Emperor Cheng, Gan Zhongke of Qi produced the twelve-fascicle Baoyuan Taiping Jing, declaring that the house of Han must receive Heaven's mandate anew…
In the first year of the Qianfeng era, after performing the Feng and Shan sacrifices at Mount Tai, Emperor Gaozong of Tang went to the Laojun Temple at Bozhou and honored…
Hearing that cinnabar was produced in Jiaozhi, Ge Hong requested appointment as magistrate of Goulou, and traveled with his wife Bao Gu to Guangzhou, settling at Mount Lu…
In his own preface, Ge Hong states that he completed the Inner and Outer Chapters during the Jianwu era (c. 317): the Inner Chapters discuss immortals, the golden elixir,…
Ge Xuan (Elder Immortal Ge) is said to have received the Taiqing Danjing and other texts from Zuo Ci, later transmitting them to Zheng Yin, who in turn transmitted them t…
The White Cloud Temple in Beijing (restored around 1981), Qingyang Palace in Chengdu, Mount Qingcheng, the Mansion of the Celestial Masters at Longhushan, Zixiao Palace o…
Around the third year of the Taishi era of Emperor Ming of Song (467), Gu Huan wrote the 'Yixia Lun' (Treatise on the Barbarians and the Chinese), arguing that Daoism was…
Tradition holds that when Laozi passed through the pass, he wrote his book for Yin Xi, the pass warden; Guan Yin (Yin Xi) is counted among the figures of Daoist philosoph…
In April, the International Forum on the Daodejing opened in Xi'an and closed in Hong Kong, under the theme "A Harmonious World, United through the Dao"; it was the first…
Longhushan, the White Cloud Temple and other sites have repeatedly conferred ordination registers (shoulu) and precepts on Daoist communities in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan …
Promoted by Xu Shichang, Fu Zengxiang and others, the Commercial Press in Shanghai photolithographically reproduced the Ming-edition Daoist Canon held at the White Cloud …
Cao Can governed Qi using the Huang–Lao methods of Master Gai, and later served as chancellor of the Han; Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing, and Empress Dowager Dou all venerated…
In the eighth year of the Yanxi era (165), Emperor Huan twice sent a palace eunuch attendant to Kuxian to sacrifice to Laozi, and Bian Shao composed the 'Laozi Ming' (Ins…
Emperor Wu of Han successively placed his trust in the fangshi Li Shaojun (who practiced sacrifices to the Hearth God, the transmutation of cinnabar into gold, and techni…
Zhang Lu styled himself 'Lord Teacher' and governed the people through libationers, establishing charity lodges stocked with free rice and meat; offenders were pardoned t…
In the first year of the Hongwu era, the forty-second-generation Zhang Zhengchang came to court; citing the reasoning that 'Heaven has no teacher (tianshi),' the Hongwu E…
In the eighteenth year of the Zhiyuan era, an imperial edict ordered that, apart from the Daodejing, 'all other texts, printing blocks and conversion illustrations be bur…
In the jiazi year of the first year of the Zhongping era, Zhang Jiao raised the slogan 'The Azure Heaven is already dead; the Yellow Heaven shall be established; in the y…
Huang Yuanji lectured at the Hall of Joyful Cultivation (Leyutang) in Fushun, Sichuan; his disciples compiled the Recorded Sayings from the Hall of Joyful Cultivation and…
In the sixth year of the Zhenghe era, Lin Lingsu entered the capital; Emperor Huizong of Song built the Shangqing Baolu Gong (Palace of the Precious Register of Highest C…
In the first year of the Xuanhe era, an edict ordered that Buddhas be renamed Great Enlightened Golden Immortals, monks be called virtuous scholars (deshi), and Buddhist …
Emperor Wuzong of Tang trusted the Daoist priest Zhao Guizhen, and in the fifth year of the Huichang era issued an edict destroying over 4,600 Buddhist temples and forcin…
At the Jixia Academy of the state of Qi, scholars such as Shen Dao, Tian Pian, and Huan Yuan gathered; invoking the name of Huangdi while following the methods of Laozi, …
Emperor Shizong was a devout believer in Daoism; Shao Yuanjie (who came to the capital in 1524) and Tao Zhongwen successively rose in his favor to the rank of Minister of…
During land reform, temple lands were confiscated or reduced, and Daoist priests were made to take part in agricultural labor; Daoist associations across the country were…
During the Jiaqing era, Jiang Yupu, centring on a spirit-writing altar dedicated to Patriarch Lü, compiled over 200 Daoist texts into the Daozang jiyao (Essentials of the…
Temples in occupied areas were largely damaged or requisitioned; in the unoccupied rear areas, sites such as Mount Qingcheng, Longhushan and the Wudang Mountains continue…
In the second year of the Shenrui era, Kou Qianzhi, a Daoist priest of Mount Song, declared that Taishang Laojun had descended and conferred upon him the position of Cele…
In the eighth year of the Taichang era, Kou Qianzhi declared that Li Puwen, a distant descendant of Laojun, had descended and conferred upon him over sixty fascicles of t…
Tradition holds that Laozi (Li Er, Lao Dan) served as the Zhou court's archivist-historian, and that Confucius once asked him about ritual propriety. Later Daoism venerat…
In the seventh year of the Tianbao era, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang made a sacrificial offering at the Taiqing Gong and further augmented Laozi's honorific title. Earlier, i…
In June, the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Taoist Association convened; Li Guangfu, president of the Wudang Mountains Taoist Association, was elected president (…
Li Hanguang, a disciple of Sima Chengzhen, was summoned by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and resided at the Ziyang Guan (Purple Yang Abbey) on Maoshan; Xuanzong personally bru…
Li Xiyue of Leshan, Sichuan, claimed to have met Zhang Sanfeng and Patriarch Lü, and wrote the Sanche mizhi (Secret Purport of the Three Vehicles) and the Daoqiao tan (Ta…
In the third year of the Tianjian era, Emperor Wu of Liang issued an edict renouncing Daoism in favor of Buddhism, yet he continued to treat Tao Hongjing with honor and s…
Lin Zhao'en of Putian, Fujian, advocated the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism, taking 'returning to Confucianism, honoring Confucius' as his principle, while al…
Ge Chaofu, a great-nephew of Ge Hong, and others 'composed the Lingbao scriptures, and the teaching spread widely,' headed by the Lingbao Wuliang Duren Shangpin Miaojing …
Liu An, Prince of Huainan, gathered retainers to compile the Huainan Honglie (Huainanzi), which took Daoist philosophy as its core while fusing yin-yang, Confucian, and L…
Liu Deren of Cangzhou claimed to have met an old man who transmitted to him the essential meaning of the Daodejing; he established the Dadao Jiao (Teaching of the Great W…
Liu Yiming (styled Wuyuanzi) of the Longmen lineage lived in reclusion at Mount Xinglong (Qiyun Mountain) in Gansu, writing commentaries on the Zhouyi cantong qi, the Wuz…
Liu Yu of Nanchang claimed to have received a revelation from Xu Xun, and centred on the Yulong Wanshou Palace of Xishan, he promoted 'Loyalty, Filial Piety and Purity an…
Liu Huayang wrote the Huiming jing (Scripture of Wisdom and Life) and the Jinxian zhenglun (Verified Discourse on the Golden Immortal), continuing Wu Shouyang's Tianxian …
In 1991, the Mansion of the Celestial Masters at Longhushan held the first Zhengyi conferral of ordination registers (shoulu) since 1949, granted to overseas Daoist commu…
Between the Northern Wei and Northern Zhou, a Daoist community centered on Louguan on the Zhongnan Mountains — including Yin Tong, Wang Daoyi, and Wei Jie — claimed desce…
Lu Xixing (1520–c. 1606) claimed to have received a revelation from Patriarch Lü, and wrote the Fanghu waishi (Unofficial History of Fanghu), advocating the dual cultivat…
In the seventh year of the Taishi era of Emperor Ming of (Liu) Song, Lu Xiujing, by imperial decree, presented the Catalogue of the Scriptures of the Three Caverns (Sando…
After becoming a Daoist priest, Lu Xiujing (406–477) traveled widely among the famous mountains searching out Daoist scriptures; he compiled the Lingbao Jingmu (Catalogue…
Han Tomb No. 3 at Mawangdui, Changsha (interred in 168 BCE) yielded silk manuscripts including Laozi manuscripts A and B, the Huangdi Sijing (Four Classics of Huangdi, a …
The Hundred Days' Reform and the post-1904 policy of 'converting temple property to schools' (miaochan xingxue) led to large numbers of temples being converted into schoo…
Min Yide resided at Chunyang Palace on Mount Jingai in Huzhou, compiling the Gushu Yinlou Collection and writing the Jingai xindeng, which records the Longmen genealogy, …
In August, the Sixth National Congress of the Chinese Taoist Association convened; Min Zhiting of the Huashan Lineage was elected president. During his tenure he promoted…
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, migrants from southern Fujian (Minnan) and eastern Guangdong carried Zhengyi Daoist altars (Red-head and Black-head priests), Lüshan r…
Lu Xiujing composed the Lu xiansheng daomen kelüe (Master Lu's Abridged Codes for the Daoist Community), criticizing the practice among Celestial Master Libationers (jiji…
Pan Shizheng of the Maoshan Lineage was received in audience by Emperor Gaozong of Tang on Mount Song. His disciple Sima Chengzhen was in turn summoned for consultation b…
Ma Yu, Sun Bu'er, Tan Chuduan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong, and Liu Chuxuan successively converted to become his disciples, together known as the Seven Perfected of…
In the seventeenth year of the Qianlong era, the Ministry of Rites resolved to demote the Celestial Master's rank from the second to the fifth grade and prohibited him fr…
During Qin Shi Huang's eastern tour to Langya, Xu Fu of Qi and others submitted a memorial about the three sacred mountains in the sea, requesting boys and girls to accom…
In November, Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System were inscribed on the World Heritage List as a cultural heritage site; Mount Qingcheng is one of the bir…
History of Chinese Daoism, edited by Qing Xitai, in four volumes (Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1988–1995, revised 1996); History of Chinese Daoism, edited by Ren Ji…
In the sixth year of the Shunzhi era (1649), the fifty-second-generation Celestial Master Zhang Yingjing had an audience with the emperor; in 1651 he was granted the titl…
Huang Shunshen brought the Qingwei thunder rites to culmination, tracing his lineage to a Yuanjun (Primordial Sovereign), and integrated the methods of Shangqing, Lingbao…
In 1219 Genghis Khan sent Liu Zhonglu to summon Qiu Chuji. In 1220 Qiu set out from Laizhou with eighteen disciples, and in 1222 he had an audience with the Khan at his m…
Quanzhen precept-transmission ceremonies were held at Taiqing Palace, Laoshan in 2016 and at Mount Heng (Southern Peak) in 2019, among other places; together with earlier…
Qiu Chuji died in 1227; Yin Zhiping and Li Zhichang successively headed the order. Quanzhen built temples widely across north China and took in and converted refugees — t…
Although Quanzhen received little attention from the Ming court, the Longmen lineage continued unbroken through its transmission of pure rules and precepts, forming what …
In June, the Seventh National Congress of the Chinese Taoist Association convened; Ren Farong of Louguantai was elected president (re-elected in 2010). During his tenure …
Mount Sanqing in Jiangxi, one of the sacred mountains of Daoism, was inscribed on the World Natural Heritage List; the same year, Three Pines Press in the United States f…
Zhengyi and Quanzhen clergy in Shanghai jointly formed the 'Shanghai Taoist Association,' one of the more influential local Daoist organizations of the mid-to-late Republ…
In the fifteenth year of the Hongwu era, the Daoist Registry (Daolusi, rank 6a) was established, with Daoist Records Offices (Daojisi) at the prefectural level, Daoist Re…
Zhang Ling established twenty-four parishes as proselytizing districts in Shu, with the Yangping Parish foremost among them; tradition holds that Zhang Ling ascended as a…
The Wang Xizhi family 'served the Zhang family's Way of the Five Pecks of Rice for generations,' and figures such as Xi Yin and Yin Zhongkan likewise revered the Dao; man…
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang decreed a search throughout the empire for Daoist scriptures; Shi Chongxuan and others compiled the Yiqie daojing yinyi (Sounds and Meanings of A…
In October, the first International Daoism Forum was held at Mount Heng (Southern Peak), Hunan; subsequent forums have been held roughly every three years — at Longhushan…
In September 1968, the first International Conference on Taoist Studies was held at Bellagio, Italy, marking the starting point of Daoist studies in the West (further con…
In the first year of the Tianbao era, an edict conferred honorific titles: Zhuangzi as Perfected Nanhua, Wenzi as Perfected Tongxuan, Liezi as Perfected Chongxu, and Geng…
Quanzhen Daoists Song Defang, Qin Zhi'an, and others, centered on the Xuandu Guan in Pingyang, searched for, collated, and printed Daoist scriptures, completing the Xuand…
Emperor Wen of Sui took the reign title Kaihuang from a kalpa (jie) name found in Daoist scripture, and treated Daoist priests such as Jiao Zishun and Zhang Bin with hono…
Sun En of Langya, whose family had served the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice for generations, raised an army at Kuaiji in 399, styling himself the 'Man of Long Life' (chan…
Sun Simiao lived in reclusion on the Zhongnan and Taibai ranges and wrote the Beiji qianjin yaofang (Essential Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold) and the Qianjin y…
The Taiping Rebellion, under the banner of the God Worshipping Society, burned Buddhist and Daoist temples wherever its forces went; Daoist temples in the Jiangnan region…
In the seventh year of the Taiping Zhenjun era, an edict was issued ordering the destruction of Buddhist temples, scriptures, and images and the burying alive of monks — …
In the third year of the Wude era, Ji Shanxing of Jinzhou reported that at Yangjiao Mountain he had seen Laojun, who declared himself an ancestor of the Tang imperial hou…
In the seventh year of the Wude reign (624), Goguryeo sent envoys to Tang China seeking instruction in Buddhism and the teachings of Laozi; Emperor Gaozu of Tang dispatch…
Tao Hongjing (456–536) resigned his official post in the tenth year of the Yongming era and retired to Mount Gouqu (Maoshan), where he gathered the autograph manuscripts …
After Zhang Lu and his followers were resettled to Ye, Chang'an, and elsewhere, the Way of the Celestial Masters spread through the Central Plains; the Dadao Jia Lingjie …
Tradition holds that Rao Dongtian obtained the secret formulas of Tianxin (the Celestial Heart) on Mount Huagai; the teaching was transmitted and developed by Tan Zixiao …
In the third month of the thirteenth year of Shunzhi, Wang Changyue, the seventh-generation precept master of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage, was commanded to open a precep…
Wang Changyue travelled south to transmit precepts at Yinxian Nunnery in Jinling, Zongyang Palace in Hangzhou, Mount Jingai in Huzhou, and Yuxu Palace on Wudang, establis…
Wang Ming's critically collated edition, Taiping jing hejiao (Collated Edition of the Scripture of Great Peace), was published by the Zhonghua Book Company and became a b…
Wang Wenqing claimed to have received the Five Thunder Rites (wulei fa) from Master Wang the Fire Master; Lin Lingsu, meanwhile, gained influence with Emperor Huizong of …
Wang Zhe (Wang Chongyang) of Xianyang claimed that in 1159, at Ganhe Town, he met a strange man who transmitted oral instructions to him; he then built the Tomb of the Li…
Tradition holds that Wei Boyang of Kuaiji wrote the Zhouyi Cantong Qi (Token for the Agreement of the Three According to the Book of Changes), correlating the imagery of …
Wei Huacun of Rencheng (Lady of Nanyue) once served as a libationer of the Way of the Celestial Masters, and is said to have obtained the Huangting Jing and other texts; …
Wang Jian and Wang Yan of the Former Shu revered Du Guangting, and Daoist temples flourished in the Shu region; the Southern Tang, Wuyue, and Min kingdoms likewise honore…
In December, UNESCO inscribed the Ancient Building Complex on the Wudang Mountains on the World Heritage List, making it the first Daoist architectural complex to become …
The Daoism Handbook, edited by Livia Kohn (Brill, 2000), and The Encyclopedia of Taoism, edited by Fabrizio Pregadio (Routledge, 2008), were published, and together with …
Daoist halls across Hong Kong jointly founded the Hong Kong Taoist Association, which coordinates liaison among temples and undertakes education and charitable work, runn…
Cantonese Quanzhen Daoist halls such as the Sik Sik Yuen Wong Tai Sin Temple (1921), Fung Ying Seen Koon (1929), Ching Chung Koon (1950) and The Yuen Yuen Institute (1950…
Xiao Baozhen of Weizhou treated illness using the Taiyi Sanyuan Falu (Register Methods of the Three Primes of Supreme Unity); he founded his teaching during the Tianjuan …
The Taoist Federation (Singapore) was founded in 1990, and the Federation of Taoist Associations Malaysia was also founded in the 1990s; both liaise with temples and shri…
Xu Dishan's History of Daoism (1934, of which only the first volume was completed) and Fu Qinjia's History of Chinese Daoism (1937) were the earliest general histories of…
Wang Bi annotated the Laozi and Guo Xiang annotated the Zhuangzi, while He Yan, Ruan Ji, and Ji Kang engaged in discourse on the mysterious (xuanxue); the Laozi, Zhuangzi…
In the twenty-first year of the Kaiyuan era, an edict ordered every household, gentry and commoner alike, to keep a copy of the Laozi, and the annual metropolitan examina…
The 'Fengshan' chapter of the Records of the Grand Historian records that King Wei and King Xuan of Qi, and King Zhao of Yan, sent men out to sea to seek the three sacred…
Beginning in the second year of the Xingning era, Yang Xi served as a spirit medium for Xu Mi and his son Xu Hui of Jurong, receiving revealed pronouncements from Lady We…
Ye Fashan was honored across five reigns from Gaozong to Xuanzong for his talismanic and ritual arts (fulu); Luo Gongyuan and Zhang Guo were renowned men beyond the munda…
The Yongzheng Emperor held Lou Jinyuan, a ritual master of Longhushan, in high regard, granting him the title 'Perfected of Wondrous Rectitude' in 1732 and ordering the D…
The Yongle Emperor repeatedly sent Hu Ying and others to seek out Zhang Sanfeng, without success; in 1412 he ordered Zhang Xin, Marquis of Longping, and the imperial son-…
To commemorate Lü Dongbin, the Quanzhen order began building the Da Chunyang Wanshou Gong at Yongle Town, Ruicheng, Shanxi — Lü's native place — starting in 1247. Murals …
During the period of Chinese rule (Bắc thuộc) and under the Lý, Trần, Lê and Nguyễn dynasties, Vietnam saw ongoing Daoist activity; the Lý dynasty instituted imperial exa…
In the eighth year of the Xining era, Zhang Boduan of Tiantai wrote the Wuzhen pian (Awakening to Reality), elaborating in verse form on the Cantong qi and the alchemical…
In 1949, Zhang Enpu, the 63rd-generation Celestial Master, went to Taiwan; the Taiwan Provincial Taoist Association was established in 1950, and the Taoism Society of the…
Zhang Jiao of Julu served Huang–Lao Dao and obtained the Taiping Qingling Shu; he healed the sick with talisman water and incantations, styling himself the Great Worthy a…
According to Daoist tradition and the Dadao Jia Lingjie (Commands and Precepts for the Families of the Great Dao), in the first year of the Han'an era (142) Taishang Laoj…
Zhang Ling (Zhang Daoling), a native of Feng in the Kingdom of Pei, was originally a student at the Imperial Academy and widely learned in the Five Classics; he later aba…
In the twentieth year of the Jian'an era, Cao Cao campaigned against Hanzhong; Zhang Lu sealed the treasuries and storehouses and led his followers out to surrender. He w…
In the second year of the Chuping era, Liu Yan, Governor of Yizhou, sent Zhang Lu, Commandant Overseeing Righteousness, together with Zhang Xiu, Commandant of a Separate …
The Dianlue records that during the Zhongping era, Zhang Xiu of Ba Commandery performed the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice's petition rites for the sick, establishing the …
In the eighth year of the Dade era, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan granted the thirty-eighth-generation Celestial Master Zhang Yucai the title 'Lord of the Zhengyi Teaching, i…
In the fourth year of the Yongle era, the Yongle Emperor ordered the forty-third-generation Celestial Master Zhang Yuchu to compile the Daoist Canon; Zhang Yuchu wrote th…
When the Yuan conquered the Southern Song, Kublai Khan summoned the thirty-sixth-generation Celestial Master Zhang Zongyan to court and granted him the title 'Perfected o…
Zhenwu became a state protector deity through Yongle's patronage; Guan Yu was granted the title 'Great Emperor Who Subdues Demons of the Three Realms, Divine Might Far-Re…
In the first year of the Dazhong Xiangfu era (1008), Emperor Zhenzong of Song announced that Heavenly Writs had descended at the Chengtian Gate; he changed the reign titl…
In 1946 the sixty-third-generation Celestial Master Zhang Enpu organized the China Taoist Association in Shanghai (which did not receive formal registration); in 1947 the…
From April 12 to 24, the first National Congress of Chinese Daoism convened at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, and founded the Chinese Taoist Association; Yue Chongdai, …
From May 7 to 13, the Third National Congress of the Chinese Taoist Association convened in Beijing, resuming work that had been interrupted by the Cultural Revolution; L…
In May, the China Taoist College was formally established at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, as the highest institution of Daoist learning; its predecessor was the Speci…
Chen Mingbin, abbot of the White Cloud Temple in Beijing, and others, mainly representing Quanzhen, initiated the 'Central Daoist Association'; in Shanghai, led by the si…
The Zhong-Lü chuandao ji (Anthology of Zhongli Quan's Transmission of the Dao to Lü Dongbin) and the Lingbao bifa (Complete Methods of the Numinous Treasure), attributed …
Cheng Xuanying wrote a subcommentary on the Laozi and the Zhuangzi, and Li Rong wrote a commentary on the Laozi; taking mystery upon mystery (xuan zhi you xuan) as their …
Zhuangzi, a native of Meng in the state of Song, taught the equalization of things (qiwu), free and easy wandering (xiaoyao), sitting in forgetfulness (zuowang), and the …
Zou Yan of Qi propounded the theory of the cyclical succession of the Five Powers and the doctrine of yin-yang and the Five Phases; combined with the fangshi traditions o…
Bai Yunji, courtesy name Mingzhi, sobriquet Zaixuzi, was a native of Nanjing and a late-Ming Daoist priest whose dates of birth and death are unknown. In the sixth year o…
Chen Jingyuan, style name Taichu, sobriquet Bixuzi, was a renowned Daoist scholar of the Northern Song. In his youth he became a Daoist at the Tianqing Guan in Gao'an cou…
Chen Liansheng, a native of Shanghai and a Zhengyi Daoist priest born into a Daoist family, who studied liturgical chanting and ritual from childhood and was already a we…
Chen Minggui, style name Youshan, was a native of Dongguan, Guangdong, a Qing-dynasty provincial graduate (juren), man of letters, and Daoist priest, who in his later yea…
Chen Yingning, a native of Huaining, Anhui, was the most important Daoist reformer and advocate of Xianxue (Immortality Studies) in modern times. As a youth he studied Co…
Chen Yuan, a native of Xinhui in Guangdong, was a renowned modern historian and one of the founders of the study of religious history, who served successively as presiden…
David A. Palmer, a Canadian anthropologist, is a professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Hong Kong, working on contemporary Chinese Daoism, qigong, …
Ding Peiren, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Daoist and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, works mainly on Daoist textual studies and the hist…
Dong Dening was a scholar of internal alchemy during the Qianlong era of the Qing; details of his life are unknown. His works, the Zhouyi cantong qi zhengyi (Correct Mean…
Emperor Gaozong of Tang, personal name Li Zhi, was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang and reigned 649–683. Since the Tang imperial house claimed descent from Laozi,…
Emperor Gaozu of Tang, Li Yuan, established the state policy of "Daoism first, Buddhism after" that held throughout the Tang, and marks the starting point of Daoism's att…
Emperor Hongwu (Zhu Yuanzhang), founder of the Ming dynasty, established the basic institutions for the administration of Daoism, his guiding principle being "to make use…
The sacrifices to Laozi conducted during the reign of Emperor Huan of Han (Liu Zhi, r. 146–168) are a key marker of Laozi's transformation from a philosopher into a vener…
Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao Ji, reigned from 1100 to 1126, and was one of the most devoutly Daoist emperors in Chinese history. After his accession he trusted and emplo…
Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, Tuoba Tao (r. 423–452), was the first emperor in Chinese history to make Daoism the state religion. In the first year of the Shiguang era (…
Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che, is the most famous immortality-seeking ruler in Chinese history; the "Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices" of the Shiji (Records of the G…
Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan, had a complex relationship with Daoism, moving from belief to renunciation, yet never entirely severing his ties. In his early years he fav…
Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, Yuwen Yong, is known in the history of Daoism for the episode of destroying Buddhism and Daoism in the Jiande era while establishing the Tong…
Emperor Wuzong of Tang, personal name Li Yan, reigned 840–846. From the moment of his accession he was a devoted believer in Daoism: he summoned eighty-one Daoist priests…
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, personal name Li Longji, reigned 712–756 and was the Tang emperor most devoted to Daoism; under his rule Daoism reached its high point of the dy…
Emperor Zhenzong of Song, personal name Zhao Heng, reigned 997–1022. After the Treaty of Chanyuan (1004), in order to "overawe the realm and impress foreign states," unde…
Fabrizio Pregadio, an Italian scholar of Daoism, has worked for many years on Chinese alchemy and internal alchemy, and has taught at the University of Venice, Stanford U…
Fan Changsheng, also named Yanjiu or Jiuzhong, style name Yuan, was the leader of the Way of the Celestial Masters in the Cheng-Han state during the Western Jin, a native…
Fu Jinquan, sobriquet Jiyizi, was a native of Jinxi, Jiangxi, and an internal-alchemy master of the Jiaqing and Daoguang eras of the Qing; his dates of birth and death ar…
Fu Qinjia was a scholar of the Republican era, of whom very little biographical information survives. His work History of Chinese Daoism (Zhongguo daojiao shi, The Commer…
Fu Yuantian, a native of Jianyang, Sichuan, was a Daoist of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and abbot of the Changdao Temple (Tianshi Cave) on Mount Qingcheng. He entered th…
Gai Jianmin, director, professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Daoist and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, is a disciple of Qing Xitai. His main resea…
Gan Zhongke, a master of esoteric arts from Qi in the time of Emperor Cheng of Han, is recorded in the "Biography of Li Xun" in the Book of Han as having composed the twe…
Guo Shouzhen, styled Jingyangzi, was a native of Danyang, Jiangsu, and the founder of Daoism in Liaodong in the early Qing. Fleeing unrest at the end of the Ming, he trav…
Guo Wu, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Daoist and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, formerly taught at Yunnan University. His fields of rese…
He Longxiang, a native of Jingyan, Sichuan, was one of the central figures in the Daoist textual-publishing enterprise of late-Qing Chengdu. Around the thirty-second year…
Hu Fuchen is a research fellow and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a student of Wang Ming, and his main research a…
Huang Yuanji, given name Shang, a native of Fengcheng in Jiangxi, was an internal-alchemy master of the Daoguang and Xianfeng reigns of the Qing; his dates of birth and d…
Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) is a tribal leader and cultural progenitor of Chinese high antiquity in legend, not a verifiable historical individual: accounts of his name …
Jia Shanxiang, style name Hongju, sobriquet Pengqiuzi, was a Daoist priest of the Northern Song, a native of Pengzhou. Under Emperors Shenzong and Zhezong he successively…
Zhu Houcong, the eleventh emperor of the Ming, reigned under the era name Jiajing for forty-five years and was the Ming ruler most devoted to Daoism. After his accession …
Kobayashi Masayoshi is a Japanese scholar of Daoism, professor emeritus at Waseda University. His representative work Studies on the History of Six Dynasties Daoism (1990…
Kou Qianzhi, styled Fuzhen, was a Daoist priest of the Northern Wei and the reformer of the Northern Celestial Masters. According to the "Treatise on Buddhism and Daoism"…
Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of Yuan, adopted a dual-track policy toward Daoism of suppressing Quanzhen while supporting Zhengyi, profoundly reshaping the Daoist landscape …
Laozi, surnamed Li, given name Er, styled Dan, was a thinker of the late Spring and Autumn period, traditionally said to have served as archivist of the Zhou royal librar…
Li Guangfu, a native of Danjiangkou, Hubei, is a Daoist of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and a leading representative of Daoism at the Wudang Mountains. He entered the pri…
Li Hanguang, originally surnamed Hong, changed his surname to Li to avoid the taboo name of the filial and pious Crown Prince Li Hong; he was the thirteenth-generation pa…
Li Rong, an early Tang Daoist priest with the sobriquet Renzhenzi, a native of Mianzhou, is ranked together with Cheng Xuanying as one of the two great masters of Chongxu…
Li Shuhuan, a Daoist figure and scholar active in Taiwan from the Republican era into modern times; his birth and death years are unknown. After 1949 he engaged in Daoist…
Li Xiyue, sobriquet Hanxu, a native of Leshan in Sichuan, was the founder of the “Western Lineage” of Qing internal alchemy. He studied the Confucian classics in his yout…
Li Yangzheng, a native of Nanchang, Jiangxi, was a research fellow in the research office of the Chinese Taoist Association and worked for many years on Daoist research a…
Li Yuanxing was a Daoist priest of Yizhou active under Emperor Gaozong of Tang, one of the figures, along with Li Rong and Fang Huichang, in the tradition of Daoist doctr…
Li Yuhang, a native of Jurong, Jiangsu, was a Quanzhen Daoist who came from Mount Mao. As a youth he entered the priesthood at the Yuanfu Wanning Palace on Mount Mao; dur…
Lin Lingsu, originally named Ling'e, was a Daoist priest under Emperor Huizong of Song, a native of Wenzhou, and the actual founder of the Shenxiao School. In his youth h…
Liu Huayang, a native of Nanchang in Jiangxi, was a Qing-dynasty Buddhist monk and internal-alchemy master, a representative figure of the Wu–Liu School. Born in the firs…
Liu Tailin, a priest of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen in the late Ming, is venerated by the Daoist clergy of Wudang Mountains as the founding patriarch of the Wudang Lo…
Liu Yiming, sobriquet Wuyuanzi, was a native of Quwo in Shanxi, an eleventh-generation figure of the Quanzhen Longmen Lineage in the Qing and a celebrated theorist of int…
Lou Jinyuan, a native of Songjiang in Shanghai, was the Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) priest of highest standing in the Qing dynasty. He entered Longhushan young and became ri…
Luo Gongyuan, a renowned Daoist priest of the Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, counted together with Ye Fashan and Zhang Guo as one of the three extraordinary men…
Meng Wentong, a native of Yanting in Sichuan, was a renowned modern historian and classicist, and a professor at Sichuan University. In his early years he studied under L…
Min Zhiting, a native of Nanzhao, Henan, was a Daoist of the Quanzhen Huashan lineage. In 1941 he entered the priesthood at Mount Hua, studying under Liu Lixian, and late…
Nan Huaijin, a native of Yueqing, Zhejiang, was a well-known modern lecturer on Chinese classical learning (guoxue). In his early years he studied martial arts and Chan m…
Nie Shidao, courtesy name Zongwei, was a Daoist priest of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, a native of Shezhou. He entered the Daoist life as a young man and received sc…
Paul R. Katz, an American historian, is a distinguished research fellow at the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, working on Chinese popular religion, …
The relationship between Qin Shi Huang (Ying Zheng) and Daoism centers on his embrace and promotion of the Fangxian Dao of Yan and Qi. According to the "Basic Annals of Q…
Qing Xitai, a native of Santai, Sichuan, was a professor at Sichuan University. In 1980 he founded the Institute for Religious Studies at Sichuan University (later the In…
Qiu Chuji, a native of Qixia, Shandong, renounced the household at nineteen and took Wang Chongyang as his teacher the following year, the youngest of the Seven Perfected…
Qiu Xuanqing was a native of Fuping in Shaanxi, a Quanzhen Daoist priest of the late Yuan and early Ming who studied under Zhang Sanfeng on Mount Wudang — one of the few …
Ren Farong, a native of Tianshui, Gansu, was a Daoist of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage. In 1955 he entered the priesthood at Louguantai in Zhouzhi, Shaanxi, and for many y…
Ren Jiyu, a native of Pingyuan in Shandong, was a historian of philosophy and scholar of religion, the founding director of the Institute of World Religions of the Chines…
Shao Yuanjie, a native of Guixi, Jiangxi, was a Daoist priest of the Shangqing Palace at Mount Longhu, who studied under Fan Wentai, Li Bofang, and others, learning the Q…
Shi Chongxuan was a Daoist priest active under Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong of Tang, and abbot of the Taiqing Temple in Chang'an. During the Shenlong and Jinglon…
Shiga Ichiko is a Japanese cultural anthropologist and professor at Ibaraki Christian University who studies Daoism, spirit-writing altars and the cult of Lü Dongbin in H…
孙碧云，号虚玄子，明初高道。十三岁入华山出家，承陈抟一系隐修传统；洪武二十七年（1394）明太祖召见。永乐十年（1412）明成祖以其为「张三丰弟子」，命往武当山南岩办道，并敕其「审度其地、相其广狭、定其规制」——即参与武当皇家宫观群营建前的规划选址；成祖敕建遇真宫，亦与命其候访张三丰直接相关。永乐十二年奉敕任南岩宫住持，永乐十五年（141…
Tang Yijie, son of the philosopher Tang Yongtong, was a professor in the Department of Philosophy at Peking University and founding dean of the Institute of Chinese Cultu…
Tao Zhongwen, a native of Huanggang, Hubei, originally served as a county clerk and practiced the use of talisman water; he was recommended to the capital by Shao Yuanjie…
Tian Chengyang, a native of Shandong, is a Daoist priest of the Longmen lineage of Quanzhen. He left home to become a Daoist on Mount Lao (Laoshan) in the 1980s, later st…
Vincent Goossaert, a French historian, is a professor at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) and formerly director of its Section of Religious Studies; he is a le…
Wang Changyue, a native of Changzhi in Shanxi, was the patriarch of the early Qing revival of the Quanzhen Longmen Lineage. According to his own account, he traveled wide…
Wang Chuyi, a native of Ninghai, Shandong, was one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, taking Wang Chongyang as his teacher in 1168. He then lived for nine years in ascet…
王光德，道名王通圣，湖北丹江口人，当代武当道教复兴的核心人物。1981 年出家武当山，先后师承李诚玉、赵元量、王教化（龙门派）、萧耀宛（三丰派）、黎遇航（正一派）诸尊宿，被称为「集龙门、三丰、正一、玄武诸派法脉于一身」。1984 年武当山道教协会成立后任首任会长，兼任中国道教协会副会长、湖北省道教协会会长、全国政协委员，主持了改革开放后武…
Wang Ka was a research fellow at the Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and director of its Daoist studies section, a leading scholar of co…
Wang Laozhi, a fangshi (master of methods) during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, was a native of Linquan in Puzhou. Originally a minor clerk in the transport commi…
Wang Liping, a native of Fushun, Liaoning, claims to be the eighteenth-generation transmitter of the Longmen lineage of Quanzhen. According to a biography written by his …
Wang Min, a Daoist priest of the time of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, styled "Master of Great Harmony," resided at Mount Qingluo in Luoyang. According to the Gazetteer of Mo…
Wang Ming, a native of Yueqing in Zhejiang, was a research fellow at the Institute of World Religions of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and one of the founders of…
Wang Mu, a native of Hebei, is a modern scholar of internal alchemy and a research fellow at the research office of the Chinese Taoist Association. He studied law in his …
Wang Zhijin, sobriquet Qiyunzi, was a Quanzhen Daoist priest active during the Jin–Yuan transition, a disciple of Hao Datong (the Perfected Guangning) and one of the repr…
Wang Zixi, a fangshi during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, was a native of Hongzhou. Originally a Confucian scholar, he claimed to have "encountered Xu Xun and rec…
Wu Zetian was the empress of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and proclaimed herself emperor, founding the Zhou dynasty, from 690 to 705. Her relationship with Daoism was two-side…
徐本善，号伟樵，河南杞县人，全真龙门派第十五代「本」字辈，民国间总理武当全山道务，人称「武当道总」。幼习儒，长于医术、精拳法；入武当紫霄宫出家，后赴南阳玄妙观受戒。光绪二十年（1894）回山后清整教务、订立教规，率道众垦荒募资修葺宫观，新修朝天宫至金顶道路，使衰落中的武当道教得以维持。1931 年贺龙率红三军进驻武当山，徐本善率徒众五十余…
Xu Dishan, whose pen name was Luo Huasheng, was a native of Tainan, Taiwan, a modern writer and scholar of religion who studied in the United States at Columbia Universit…
Xu Fu, a fangshi of the Qin dynasty, was a native of the region of Qi. The 'Basic Annals of the First Emperor of Qin' in the Records of the Grand Historian records that i…
Xue Jichang, a Tang-dynasty Shangqing Daoist priest and disciple of Sima Chengzhen. According to the Brief Record of Nanyue and the Comprehensive Anthology of Nanyue's Fi…
Ye Fashan, courtesy name Daoyuan, was a celebrated Daoist priest of the Tang, a native of Kuocang in Kuozhou, born into a family that had practised Daoist arts for four g…
Ye Jingneng, a Daoist priest of the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, a native of Kuozhou, granduncle (some say uncle) of Ye Fashan. He won the favor of Zhongzong and E…
Yi Xinying, a native of Suining, Sichuan, was a Daoist of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and a leading representative of modern Daoism at Mount Qingcheng. In 1917 he entere…
Yin Wencao, courtesy name Jingxian, was a Tang-dynasty Louguan School Daoist priest who claimed descent from Yin Xi. He entered the Daoist priesthood in his youth and res…
Zhu Di, the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming, became the third Ming emperor after seizing the throne in the Jingnan campaign, and reigned under the era name Y…
Yoshioka Yoshitoyo, a Japanese scholar of Daoism, was a professor at Taishō University. In the 1940s he resided at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, to conduct fieldwork t…
Yue Chongdai, a native of Shandong, was a Daoist of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and the first president of the Chinese Taoist Association. He entered the priesthood as a…
Zhan Shichuang, a native of Xiamen, Fujian, is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Daoist and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, and formerly a pr…
Zhang Daozhen, a Taiwan native, claims to be a grandson of Zhang Enpu and has acted in the capacity of the 64th-generation Celestial Master; after Zhang Yuanxian's death …
Zhang Enpu, the sixty-third-generation Celestial Master of Longhushan, succeeded to the office in 1924. Although Zhengyi Daoism had already lost its official status durin…
Zhang Jiyu, a native of Guixi in Jiangxi, is a sixty-fifth-generation descendant of the Zhang Celestial Master house of Longhushan (as reckoned on the mainland). In the 1…
Zhang Qingye, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu, was a tenth-generation Daoist priest of the Longmen Lineage in the Qing, and the pioneer of Longmen Daoism in Sichuan. In his e…
Zhang Wanfu, a Daoist priest of the Taiqing Temple in Chang'an during the Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, a "Master of the Three Caverns," dates of birth and dea…
Zhang Zhijing, a native of Anci in Hebei, was the eighth-generation head of the Quanzhen order. He left home to become a priest in his childhood, studying under Li Zhicha…
Zhang Zhishun, a native of Shenqiu in Henan, was a twenty-first-generation priest of the Quanzhen Longmen Lineage, with the Daoist name Mijingzi. He left home to become a…
Zhang Zongyan was the thirty-sixth Celestial Master of Mount Longhu. He succeeded to the office at the end of the Southern Song, and in the thirteenth year of the Zhiyuan…
Zhao Bichen, styled the "Old Man of a Thousand Peaks" (Qianfeng Laoren), was a native of Changping, Beijing, and a Republican-era Neidan master, founder of the Qianfeng (…
Zhao Guizhen was a Daoist priest active under Emperor Jingzong and Emperor Wuzong of Tang. He entered the palace with Daoist arts during Jingzong's Baoli era, and was rec…
Zhou Side, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was a celebrated Daoist priest of the early Ming, skilled in the rites of Wang Lingguan. During the Yongle era, the Yongle Empe…
Zhu Yuanyu, styled Yunyang Daoren, was an internal alchemist of the Longmen (Dragon Gate) Lineage in the Kangxi era of the early Qing; his dates are unknown. He studied u…
Zhu Yueli was a research fellow at the Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and later a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of…
The local Daoist organization for the city of Beijing, founded in 1984 and headquartered at the White Cloud Temple, it coordinates the religious affairs, ordinations, and…
Founded in 1926 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam, it venerates the Jade Emperor (Cao Dai, "High Tower"), blending Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Catholicism, and the spirit-writing …
An international Daoist gathering co-hosted by the Chinese Taoist Association and the China Religious Culture Communication Association: the International Forum on the Da…
A local Zhengyi organization headquartered at the Mansion of the Celestial Masters (Tianshi Fu), it resumed the conferral of registers on Zhengyi priests from China and a…
Another national federation of Taoist organizations in Malaysia, uniting state-level Taoist associations and temples; it maintains exchange with the Chinese Taoist Associ…
Established on September 24, 2023, during the Fifth International Forum on Daoism at Mount Mao in Jiangsu, with 52 Daoist organizations from 20 countries and regions as f…
An umbrella organization of Chinese Daoist temples and organizations in Thailand, it participates in the International Forum on Daoism hosted by the Chinese Taoist Associ…
Founded in April 1957 in Beijing, headquartered at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, with Yue Chongdai as its first president. It is the national organization for Daoism i…
Founded in 1990 at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, it is the highest Daoist educational institution, run by the Chinese Taoist Association, offering undergraduate, gradu…
After the sixty-third Celestial Master Zhang Enpu went to Taiwan in 1949, he re-established the Taiwan Provincial Taoist Association in 1950; it was expanded into the Tao…
Entering the twenty-first century, Daoism on the Chinese mainland has continued to develop under institutionalized management. The Chinese Taoist Association has been led…
The transmission of Daoism beyond China's borders has a long but uneven history. In East Asia: Tang-dynasty Daoism influenced the Korean peninsula (Goguryeo sent an envoy…
In the mid-to-late Eastern Han, on the foundation of Huang–Lao Dao, belief in the Taiping jing, and popular shamanic cults, religious communities emerged that possessed s…
During the wars and upheavals of the Five Dynasties, Daoism continued to be honored under the various regional regimes (Du Guangting under the Former Shu, and under South…
Ming Daoism, under state administration, continued the twofold "Zhengyi–Quanzhen" configuration, with Zhengyi more heavily relied upon by the court for its expertise in l…
The Northern and Southern Dynasties were an era of "reform, consolidation, and official recognition" for Daoism, with distinct developments in north and south. In the nor…
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Daoism underwent reorganization amid land reform and shifting religious policy: temple lands were confiscated or red…
In the pre-Qin period there was not yet an organized religion called "Daoism" (Daojiao), but most of the ideas, beliefs, and technical resources on which later Daoism wou…
The Qin and Han were a crucial stage in the "prehistory" of Daoism. Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of Han both put great faith in fangshi (masters of methods): they dispatc…
The Qing dynasty made Tibetan Buddhism its state religion, and its attitude toward Daoism grew cool and controlling. The Shunzhi reign and the early Kangxi reign still tr…
The 1911 Revolution abolished the hereditary title of Celestial Master, and Daoism lost the institutional support it had enjoyed under the imperial system; it struggled t…
After the Jingkang Incident, China was divided into a northern and a southern regime, and Daoism developed along two distinct northern and southern paths. Under the rule …
The Sui and Tang were among the golden ages of Daoism. Both Emperor Wen and Emperor Yang of Sui treated Daoist priests with favor, and the reign title "Kaihuang" was itse…
The Wei-Jin period saw Daoism move from a local religious community toward a nationwide religion, and from popular belief toward aristocratization and canon formation. Af…
A centre for Chinese studies at the Australian National University; Benjamin Penny has long researched the history of Daoism and contemporary religious movements such as …
A number of temples and Taoist associations maintain official accounts on Bilibili that post ritual protocols, scripture chanting, lectures, and documentaries, such as th…
A series of Daoism-themed documentaries produced by CCTV and various provincial broadcasters, such as Questioning the Dao at Louguan, A Thousand Years of Daoism, and Chin…
A multi-episode documentary produced by China Central Television, recounting the Daoist history of the Wudang Mountains, the construction of its temple complex during the…
A bimonthly published by the China Taoist Association (first issued in 1987), reporting on developments in the Daoist community, administrative affairs, and articles on D…
A national Daoist organization founded in 1957, headquartered at the White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) in Beijing. Its website publishes association announcements, religio…
A national Daoist institution of higher learning founded in 1990 at the White Cloud Temple in Beijing, under the China Taoist Association; it trains advanced Daoist perso…
The Great Dictionary of Daoism, compiled by the China Taoist Association and the Suzhou Taoist Association, published by Huaxia Publishing House in 1994, containing over …
David A. Palmer studies the rise and fall of the qigong movement in China after 1949, touching on the modern transformation of the Daoist internal-alchemy tradition and t…
An English-language annual founded by Livia Kohn and published by Three Pines Press (first issued in 2008), publishing research papers, field reports and book reviews on …
Based on fieldwork in Fujian, Kenneth Dean studies the interaction between Daoist ritual and local cults of deities (Baosheng Dadi, Qingshui Zushi, Guangze Zunwang, and o…
A textbook survey of Daoist history written by Livia Kohn, concisely introducing the development, doctrine, and practice of Daoism from the pre-Qin period to the present;…
A systematic textbook on Daoism by Louis Komjathy, covering history, doctrine, cultivation, ritual protocol, conceptions of the body, sacred sites, and contemporary Daois…
The digital collection of Japan's National Diet Library holds Japanese woodblock editions of the Laozi and Zhuangzi, the Taishang ganying pian, Edo-period printed Daoist …
History of Chinese Daoism (ed. Qing Xitai), collectively compiled by the Institute for Religious Studies at Sichuan University, published by Sichuan People's Publishing H…
The open-access journal Religions has in recent years published several special issues on Daoist studies (such as Daoism and ecology, contemporary Daoism, and Daoist text…
Founded on 13 February 1966 (in July 1968 Zhang Enpu, the sixty-third-generation Celestial Master, was elected its first chairman), with the Taiwan Provincial Daoist Soci…
The Palace Museum holds Ming and Qing court Daoist artifacts, including the image of Zhenwu in the Hall of Imperial Peace (Qin'an Dian), Daoist ritual implements, a Ming-…
A bimonthly published by the Institute of World Religions of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, combining scholarly and popularizing content, with a special column o…
The Department of Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney offers courses in Chinese religion and intellectual history; scholars there research the history of Daoism a…
Vincent Goossaert draws on steles, archives, and field materials to study the social history of the community of Daoist priests in Beijing during the late Qing and Republ…
The ancestral court of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen, and the seat of the China Taoist Association and the China Taoist College; the Perfected Changchun, Qiu Chuji, onc…
A modern edition of the Daoist Canon edited in chief by Zhang Jiyu and organized and collated by the Chinese Taoist Association, in 49 volumes, based on the Zhengtong Dao…
The Bidong Branch, in full the "Dantai Bidong Zong," is a branch of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen that emerged in Sichuan, and has been the main current of Daoism in th…
The Central Lineage of Internal Alchemy (Zhongpai) is an internal-alchemy school founded by the Yuan-dynasty Daoist Li Daochun, centered on the principle of “guarding the…
Bixia Yuanjun, popularly known as the Lady of Mount Tai or the Old Grandmother of Mount Tai, is the female deity with the greatest popular influence within the Daoist pan…
The Cult of Wenchang Dijun is the worship, within Daoism, of the deity who presides over civil office and emolument, formed by the merging of two strands: one is the loca…
Daoism in Southeast Asia arrived with waves of Chinese emigration from Fujian, Guangdong, Chaozhou, Hakka, and Hainan communities from the nineteenth century onward, taki…
Daoism in Taiwan is composed mainly of the system of married (huoju) Zhengyi Daoist priests brought by Hokkien and Cantonese emigrants during the Ming and Qing, and Taiwa…
Daoism in Hong Kong and Macau consists mainly of Daoist halls (daotan), temples, and married (huoju) Zhengyi Daoist priests who arrived from Guangdong from the late Qing …
The Eastern Lineage of Internal Alchemy (Dongpai) was founded by Lu Xixing (1520–1606?), a native of Xinghua in Jiangsu during the Ming dynasty, and takes its name from i…
Fangxian Dao is the general term for the immortality beliefs and traditions of esoteric arts current from the Warring States through the Qin and Han, taking its name from…
Folk Daoist Ritual Traditions (Minjian Daofa, also called Fajiao or Shijiao in scholarship) is a collective term for the many ritual-master (fashi) systems that formed fr…
The Golden Elixir tradition, or Danding (Elixir and Tripod) School, is a Daoist tradition whose principal path of cultivation is the compounding of external elixirs (waid…
The Gezao Lineage is the sectarian institution that the Lingbao School developed after the Tang and Song, centered on Mount Gezao in Jiangxi as its center of transmission…
"Huang-Lao" refers to a system of thought and belief attributed to the Yellow Emperor and following the teaching of Laozi. In the Warring States period, scholars of the J…
The Huashan Lineage was founded by Hao Datong, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Hao Datong's given name was Lin, his courtesy name Taigu, and his sobriquet Guangni…
Xianxue (Immortality Studies) is a Daoist reform movement and school of Neidan research proposed by Chen Yingning during the Republican era, which held that the study of …
The Jinshan Lineage is a branch that split off from the Quanzhen Longmen lineage in the Ming, centered on Mount Lao (Laoshan), named for its founding patriarch Sun Xuanqi…
The Lao–Zhuang School is the strand of pre-Qin philosophical thought that takes the "Dao" as its highest category; it was first named "Daoism" (Daojia) in the Han dynasty…
The Longmen (Dragon Gate) Lineage is the most influential of the branches descending from the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, honoring Qiu Chuji as its patriarch, and takes …
Louguan Daoism was a Daoist tradition centered on the Louguan (Tower Belvedere) on Mount Zhongnan, active from the Northern and Southern Dynasties through the Sui and Tan…
The Lü Dongbin cult refers to the worship and ritual tradition centered on Lü Dongbin (given name Yan, courtesy name Dongbin, style Chunyangzi), the most widely dissemina…
The Lüshan (Mount Lü) Ritual Tradition is a popular tradition of Daoist ritual practice current in Fujian and the surrounding regions, in Taiwan, and among Fujianese comm…
The Maoshan Lineage is the sectarian institution that the Shangqing School developed after the Southern Dynasties, centered on Mount Mao (Maoshan) as its ancestral court;…
Mazu worship is the most important cult of a seafarers' protective deity around the China seas; its relationship to Daoism is close but not fully coextensive, and this si…
The Meishan Ritual Tradition is a folk Daoist ritual tradition that originated in the ancient Meishan region of central Hunan (roughly today's Xinhua and Anhua), practice…
The Nanwu Lineage is the branch founded by Tan Chuduan, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Tan Chuduan, courtesy name Tongzheng, sobriquet Changzhen Zi, was a native…
Nanyue (Mount Heng) Daoism refers to the regional Daoist tradition formed around Mount Heng (Hengshan) in Hunan. Mount Heng is the Southern Peak among the Five Great Peak…
The Northern Celestial Masters is the school that took shape after the Daoist priest Kou Qianzhi reformed the Way of the Celestial Masters under the Northern Wei. Kou Qia…
The Pu'an Ritual Tradition is a folk ritual tradition venerating the Southern Song eminent monk Patriarch Pu'an as its founding master; although it arose from Buddhism, i…
The Qianfeng (Thousand Peaks) School is an internal-alchemy lineage founded by Zhao Bichen at the end of the Qing and the beginning of the Republic, named for his sobriqu…
The Qingjing Lineage was founded by Sun Bu'er, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, and takes its name from her sobriquet 'Wanderer of Clarity and Stillness' (Qingjing…
The Qingwei School is a Thunder Rites Daoist tradition that arose at the end of the Southern Song and into the Yuan, fusing the talismanic methods of the Shangqing, Lingb…
The Qionglong Mountain Lineage is a Daoist school founded in the early Qing by Shi Daoyuan in Suzhou, named after its ancestral court, Shangzhen Temple on Mount Qionglong…
Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) Daoism was founded by Wang Chongyang (1112–1170) of the Jin dynasty and, together with Zhengyi Daoism, forms one of the two main currents o…
Daoism was never transmitted to Japan as an organized religious order, but from ancient times its ideas, deities, and techniques were transmitted in great volume via the …
The spread of Daoism on the Korean peninsula began in the Three Kingdoms period. The Samguk sagi records that in the seventh year of the Wude reign of the Tang (624) Empe…
Vietnam has been under Daoist influence since the Han dynasty, when it belonged to Jiaozhi Commandery, and it is one of the regions within the Sinitic cultural sphere whe…
The Sanfeng Lineage is a Daoist tradition honoring Zhang Sanfeng as its founding patriarch, transmitted mainly at Mount Wudang. Zhang Sanfeng, given name Quanyi, also cal…
The Sannai (Three Ladies) Branch of Lüshan is a division of the Lüshan tradition whose patriarchs are the "Three Lady Sovereigns" — Chen Jinggu (Lady Chen), Lin Jiuniang …
The Sanyi Teaching is a religion founded by Lin Zhao'en of Putian, Fujian, in the Ming dynasty, teaching the unity of the Three Teachings; it does not itself belong to Da…
The Shenxiao (Divine Empyrean) School is a talismanic Daoist order distinguished by its thunder rites, which arose at the end of the Northern Song. "Shenxiao" refers to t…
The Suishan Lineage is the branch founded by Liu Chuxuan, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Liu Chuxuan, courtesy name Tongmiao, sobriquet Changsheng Zi, was a nati…
Lingguan Fa refers to the system of ritual methods and liturgies centered on invoking the Daoist Dharma-protecting deity Wang Lingguan (also called Wang E or Wang Shan, a…
The Western Lineage of Internal Alchemy (Xipai) was founded by Li Xiyue (1806–1856), a native of Leshan in Sichuan during the Qing dynasty, and takes its name from its lo…
The Wu-Liu School is a lineage of Internal Alchemy represented by the master-disciple pair Wu Shouyang and Liu Huayang at the end of the Ming and beginning of the Qing, t…
Wudang Daoism refers to the Daoist tradition centered on Mount Wudang in Hubei and on the cult of Zhenwu (the Dark Emperor of Heaven); historically it was not a single sc…
The Langmei (Elm-Plum) Lineage is one of the resident schools of the Wudang Mountains, taking its name from Wudang's native "langmei" fruit and from Li Suxi, a Daoist pri…
The Wudang Qingwei Lineage is a local branch that formed after the Qingwei Thunder Rites spread north to the Wudang Mountains. Its founder, Zhang Shouqing (1253–1336?), p…
The Xuanwu Lineage is a branch within the resident Daoist orders of the Wudang Mountains that possesses a complete generational-name genealogy; it takes its name from its…
The Xizhu Xinzong (Western India Mind Lineage) of Longmen is a branch of the Longmen lineage that emerged in the early Qing, named for its founding patriarch, the 'Jizu D…
Xuanjiao (the Mysterious Teaching) is a lineage that split off from Zhengyi Daoism in the Yuan dynasty, founded by Zhang Liusun. Zhang Liusun (1248–1321), a native of Gui…
Yao Daoism refers to the form of Daoism believed in and transmitted by the Yao people (particularly the various branches of the Guoshan Yao and the Panyao). From the Song…
The Yushan Lineage was founded by Wang Chuyi, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, and takes its name from his long cultivation of the Dao at Mount Kunyu (Yushan) in S…
The Yuxian Lineage was founded by Ma Yu, foremost of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Ma Yu was originally named Congyi, courtesy name Yifu; after entering the Dao he cha…
Zhengyi Daoism takes the Celestial Masters of Longhushan as its patriarchal line and is characterized by talismans, registers, and rites of retreat and offering; together…
The Zhengyi Sanshan Dixue Lineage is the generation-name system current within Zhengyi Daoism, and is today the principal basis on which ordination names are assigned in …
Baodu Fortress is a noted mountain on the western outskirts of Shijiazhuang, its summit broad and level; tradition holds it to be the site of Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin'…
Caodaism (Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ) was formally established as a religion on 7 October 1926, growing out of a spirit-writing (扶乩) circle in Saigon in 1925; its founders inc…
The Chamseongdan ("Star-Observing Altar") stands atop Mount Mani on Ganghwa Island, traditionally said to have been built by Dangun as an altar for sacrificing to Heaven;…
Changchun Temple is the largest Quanzhen Daoist temple in the middle reaches of the Yangzi; tradition holds that a disciple of Qiu Chuji of the Yuan propagated the Dao in…
Chunyang Temple stands at Shuzhu Hill in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, founded in the fourth year of the Daoguang era of the Qing (1824) by the Quanzhen priest and astronom…
The City God Temple of Xi'an (Capital City God) was founded in the twentieth year of the Hongwu era of the Ming (1387). Since Xi'an prefecture was the fief of the Prince …
Dai Temple is the principal shrine for the sacrifice to the Great Emperor of the Eastern Peak (the god of Mount Tai), the site where successive emperors held the grand Fe…
The Daodejing Stele-Pillar at the Longxing Temple in Yixian is the most complete and largest surviving Tang-dynasty Daodejing stele-pillar in China. The inscription on th…
Dongmyo (Eastern Guan Yu Shrine, in full the Eastern Shrine to the King Guan) was begun in 1599 and completed in 1601; it enshrines Guan Yu as its principal deity (honore…
The Eight Immortals Palace, popularly called the Baxian An, is Xi'an's largest Daoist temple and a public monastery (shifang conglin) of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen i…
The Erwang Temple (Temple of the Two Kings) stands at the foot of Yulei Mountain at the head of the Dujiangyan irrigation system, enshrining Li Bing, governor of Shu unde…
The Erxian Nunnery stands east of the Qingyang Palace. It was built in the thirty-fourth year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing (1695) by the Sichuan judicial commissioner …
The Europe Taoist Federation was registered and established in 2019, led by Vincenzo di Ieso (Li Xuanzhong), founder of the Chiesa Taoista d'Italia, and is a transnationa…
The Fire God Temple, popularly known as Huoshen Miao, is one of the oldest Daoist temples in Beijing, dedicated to the Perfected Sovereign of Mars, Star God of Fire Virtu…
Fuxing Temple stands atop Yuhuang Hill on the southern shore of West Lake; tradition holds that a king of Wuyue of the Five Dynasties built Ashoka Temple here; the Song c…
The Gee How Oak Tin Association is a joint-surname kinship association of the Chen, Hu and Yuan surnames, whose guardian deity is Suijing Bo — originally named Chen Zhong…
The Gee How Oak Tin Family Association Shrine in Seattle was established in 1900 by immigrants of the Chan, Woo and Yuen surnames; a shrine was set up in the recessed bal…
The cult of Guandi in the Chinese community of Peru exists in the form of an association altar: the Guandi (Kuan Kung) altar of Lima’s Chinatown is installed in the Lung …
The Haiyun Temple is located in the Acheng District of Harbin. Founded during the Guangxu reign of the Qing, it is one of the older Quanzhen Daoist temples in Heilongjian…
Hong Tiek Hian is the oldest Chinese temple in Surabaya and stands within Chinatown. The temple’s own account and the local gazetteers trace it to the period when the Mon…
Soei Goeat Kiong (Klenteng Chandra Nadi) stands on the south bank of the Musi River in Palembang; the temple's own history holds it was built in 1733, and it is generally…
Klenteng Xian Ma stands in the Chinese quarter of Makassar, capital of South Sulawesi Province, dedicated primarily to Tianshang Shengmu (Mazu), with Guanyin, Guandi and …
The Laojun Cave Temple stands on Nanshan in Chongqing, taking its name from the Laojun rock cave there; tradition holds that it already existed in the Tang, was rebuilt d…
Lin Fung Temple is one of the 'Three Ancient Temples of Macau' (together with A-Ma Temple and Kun Iam Tong), though accounts of its founding date differ: Wikipedia and si…
Lorong Koo Chye Sheng Hong Temple's principal deity is the City God Qingxi Xianyou Bozhu (the City God of Anxi). In 1918, the abbot of the City God Temple of Anxi brought…
Louguantai is traditionally held to be the place where Yin Xi, keeper of Hangu Pass in the Zhou dynasty, built a thatched tower to observe the stars and watch for auspici…
The Mansion of the Celestial Masters was the residence and seat of authority of successive generations of the Celestial Master Zhang. It was built by imperial decree at G…
The Bixia Yuanjun Temple on Miaofeng Mountain was the most heavily worshipped Bixia Yuanjun temple in the Beijing region during the Ming and Qing, popularly known as the …
The White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) in Beijing is the ancestral seat of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and also the headquarters of the Chinese Taoist Association; its mos…
Mount Heming is the birthplace of organized Daoism. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Book of the Later Han, and Daoist scriptures, in the first year of…
Mount Heng is the Southern Peak, its ridges extending across seventy-two summits; Buddhism and Daoism coexist there, and it is honored by all Three Teachings, earning it …
Mount Kongtong is a famous mountain in eastern Gansu; tradition holds that the Yellow Emperor ascended it in the west to ask about the Dao from Guang Chengzi (as recorded…
Mount Qingcheng is one of the birthplaces of Daoism. Tradition holds that Zhang Daoling built a thatched hermitage here in his later years, taught the Dao, and ascended t…
Mount Qiyun, anciently called Mount Baiyue, is a famous Daoist mountain of the Huizhou region; like Mount Wudang it venerates the Great Emperor Zhenwu, and is known as 't…
Mount Song is the Central Peak, made up of Mount Taishi and Mount Shaoshi, situated at the "Center of Heaven and Earth," and a major site of imperial sacrifice and of bot…
Mount Tai is foremost among the Five Marchmounts, anciently called Daizong or the Eastern Peak, and the site where successive emperors performed the Feng and Shan sacrifi…
Mount Tianzhu, anciently called Mount Wan or Mount Qian, was ascended and worshipped by Emperor Wu of Han during his southern tour in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BCE)…
Mount Yiwulü is the Northern Peak among the ancient "Five Marchmounts" (the five great guardian mountains). In the fourteenth year of the Kaihuang reign of Emperor Wen of…
The National Palace Museum, Taipei, inherits the former Qing imperial collection; it was established on 10 October 1925 in the Forbidden City in Beiping, and after the co…
North Wudang Mountain was anciently called Longwang Mountain (Dragon King Mountain); a Zhenwu shrine already existed there in the Tang dynasty, and in the Ming dynasty a …
The On Leong Merchants Association Building was completed in 1926–1927, designed by the Norwegian-American architects Christian S. Michaelsen and Sigurd A. Rognstad, and …
Penglai Pavilion was built in the sixth year of the Jiayou reign of the Northern Song (1061), standing atop Danya Hill in Penglai overlooking the sea, and is one of the '…
Quan Thanh Temple (the Zhenwu Shrine) is the Daoist temple guarding the northern quarter among the "Four Sacred Guardians of Thang Long" in Hanoi; tradition holds that it…
Sanching Temple is located at the foot of the hills beside Meihua Lake in Dongshan Township, Yilan County, and is dedicated primarily to the Three Pure Ones (the Celestia…
Sanyuan Palace is the oldest and largest Daoist temple in Guangzhou; tradition holds that Bao Jing, Governor of Nanhai, built Yuegang Cloister here in the second year of …
The See Yup Temple, Melbourne, was first built as a wooden structure in 1856 and rebuilt as a permanent building in 1866 to a design by the architect George Wharton; it i…
Shang Sin Chun Tong traces its origins to a charitable body called 'Chenfan Zhenyu' founded in 1942 in Dongguan, Guangdong, which received the name 'Pung Ying Kok' throug…
The Shanghai Taoist College is located within the Dongyue Temple in Songjiang, founded by the Shanghai Taoist Association to train Zhengyi Daoist priests, drawing student…
Shangqing Palace in Luoyang is located on Cuiyun Peak of Mount Mang; tradition holds that Laozi once refined the elixir there. In the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, a …
The Sociedade Taoísta do Brasil was established on 15 January 1991, founded by the Taipei-born Daoist priest Wu Jyh Cherng (1958–2004), and belongs to the Zhengyi lineage…
The Sogyeokseo was the sole state Daoist institution of the Joseon dynasty, established in Hanseong (Seoul) in 1396, originally named Sogyeokjeon and renamed Sogyeokseo w…
The Song Stele on the Rebuilding of Taiqing Gong was erected in the seventh year of the Dazhong Xiangfu era of the Northern Song (1014), stands about 3.60 meters in total…
Jidu Temple, whose full name is Jidu Beihai Temple, was first built in the second year of the Kaihuang era of the Sui (582); the Beihai Shrine was added in the twelfth ye…
The Stele of the Three Mao Lords, Perfected Ones Granted the Nine Bestowals records how the Three Mao Lords (Mao Ying, Mao Gu, and Mao Zhong) received the title "Perfecte…
The Stele Record of the Zongsheng Guan, Louguantai was erected in the ninth year of the Wude era of Tang (626), with the text composed and written in clerical script by O…
The Taiqing Palace in Hohhot is the principal Quanzhen Daoist temple in Inner Mongolia. In the Qing dynasty, temples (originally named the Lüzu Temple and others) were bu…
Taiqing Palace at Luyi is a memorial temple at the reputed birthplace of Laozi. In the eighth year of the Yanxi reign of the Eastern Han (165), Emperor Huan sent the pala…
The Tang Imperial Daodejing Commentary Stele at the Taiqing Palace in Luyi bears Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's imperial commentary on the Daodejing, and is the earliest surv…
The Taoism Society of the Republic of China is a cross-denominational, nationwide Daoist organization in Taiwan. It petitioned the competent authorities for organization …
The Bun Thau Kong Temple was founded in 1999 by Houston's Teochew Chinese community, whose core membership consists of Teochew people who, after the 1970s, immigrated a s…
The British Daoist Association (BDA) was founded in 1996 by Shi Jing, a legally registered unincorporated membership association in the United Kingdom that has been recog…
Then Sze Koon, Seremban, is a temple in Negeri Sembilan with Zhang Tianshi (Zhang Daoling, the founding Celestial Master of Zhengyi) as its principal deity, a relatively …
Tianhou Palace in Tianjin, popularly known as Niangniang Gong, was built in the third year of the Taiding era of the Yuan (1326) to worship the sea goddess Tianfei (Mazu)…
Tianshi Cave, the ancient Changdao Temple, is the principal and largest Daoist temple on Mount Qingcheng; tradition holds that Zhang Daoling once preached the Dao within …
Tien Kok Sie Temple was built in 1745, the same year the Surakarta royal court (Keraton Surakarta) was relocated and rebuilt from Kartasura, and stands beside the Great M…
Vihara Satya Budhi (Klenteng Hiap Thian Kiong) was built in 1885, and is Bandung's oldest and largest Chinese temple. Its name "Xietian" (Hiap Thian) derives from Lord Gu…
The main shrine is dedicated to "Zhenwu, Emperor of the Dark Heaven Who Quells the Heavens at the North Pole" (北极镇天真武玄天上帝, Beiji Zhentian Zhenwu Xuantian Shangdi, known a…
White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) is one of the Three Great Ancestral Courts of Quanzhen Daoism and the ancestral court of the Longmen Lineage, and is also the seat of the…
White Cloud Temple in Shanghai is the city's only Quanzhen public monastery (shifang conglin). In the eighth year of the Guangxu era of the Qing (1882), the Longmen-linea…
The Wong Dai Sin Temple, Markham, opened in 2015, dedicated primarily to Wong Tai Sin (Huang Daxian), and belongs to the Fung Loy Kok Institute of Taoism; it was designed…
Wuliang Temple is the foremost Daoist temple of Mount Qian. In the early Kangxi reign of the Qing (c. 1667), Liu Tailin, an eighth-generation Longmen Quanzhen priest, cam…
五龙宫是武当山建庙之始。唐贞观年间均州大旱，太守姚简奉旨祈雨，传「见五龙从空飞降」而雨至，太宗敕建五龙祠——此为武当山第一座敕建祠庙。宋元屡经升格，元代与紫霄、南岩同为武当核心宫观；南宋孙寂然于此创五龙法派，元初汪真常、鲁大宥重兴，张守清即出自五龙一系。明永乐十年重建为「兴圣五龙宫」，鼎盛时殿宇八百五十间（据明代山志），后世渐圮，现存宫门…
The Xuandi Temple stands on Xuantian Ridge in Jilin City. Built in the third year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing (1738), it enshrines the Great Emperor Zhenwu (Xuantia…
The Yuchan Palace, at Wenbi Peak in Ding'an, was built between 2004 and 2007 as a large Daoist temple commemorating Bai Yuchan, the fifth patriarch of the Southern Lineag…
遇真宫为明成祖朱棣专为「真仙」张三丰敕建的宫观——皇帝为一位（传说在世的）道士立专祠，历史罕见。永乐间成祖遣使访求张三丰十余年不遇，遂于其曾结庵的武当山麓建宫祀之，赐额「遇真宫」，殿内奉张三丰铜铸鎏金坐像。宫为武当九宫之一，现存山门、宫墙、龙虎殿与正殿基址。因南水北调中线工程丹江口大坝加高（正常蓄水位由 157 米升至 170 米），遇真…
Zhinan Temple, popularly known as the Immortal Lord's Temple (Xiangong Miao), is dedicated mainly to Sovereign Lord Fuyou, Lü Dongbin, and is the most famous place of Lü …
Zhongyue Temple is the state-sacrifice temple dedicated to the god of Mount Song, the Central Peak, and is one of the largest and best-preserved of the temples to the Fiv…
The most common designation for a Daoist establishment, as in White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan), Xuanmiao Temple, and Louguan. A Guan ranks below a Gong in scale, and is m…
The Abbot (fangzhang) is the supreme leader of a public monastery. He must have received the Three Altars of Great Precepts and be a person of high virtue and reputation,…
A collective term for Daoist lineages whose primary practice is alchemy — external or internal — as opposed to the talismanic schools. It traces its origins to Fangxian D…
Celestial Master (tianshi) is the honorific title conferred on Zhang Daoling by Laojun; his descendants have hereditarily held the title of Celestial Master, and in the Y…
A national Daoist organization founded in 1957, headquartered at White Cloud Temple in Beijing; its successive presidents have included Yue Chongdai, Chen Yingning, Li Yu…
Conferral of Registers (shoulu) is the rite by which a Zhengyi priest receives a ritual register and thereby obtains priestly rank. It must be presided over by a register…
The early Way of the Celestial Masters' term for lay believers who had entered the faith; they were required to pay five pecks of rice (the 'faith rice'), receive registe…
One of the names for a Daoist establishment, ranking in scale between a Gong/Guan and an An/Tang, as with the Maoshan Daoyuan and various Daoyuan of the Qing dynasty. The…
A Daoist organization formed by lay believers, centered chiefly on revelations received through spirit writing; it flourished in Guangdong and Hong Kong in the late Qing …
Daoist Priestess (nüguan) is the ancient term for a female Daoist priest, so named because Tang-dynasty priestesses wore a yellow cap; many Tang princesses entered the Da…
A general term for a Daoist place of worship. 'Guan' originally meant a watchtower — Yin Xi of the Louguan School is said to have built a thatched watchtower there to obs…
Daoshi (Daoist Priest) is the term for religious professionals who follow the Dao in practice and preside over liturgical rites; women are called kundao or nüguan. Quanzh…
Fangshi (Masters of Methods) were specialists in the arts of immortality, medicine, and divination active from the Warring States through the Qin and Han, many hailing fr…
An elegant term for a Daoist priest, taking the meaning of an immortal who has grown feathered wings; also called yuke, yuren, huangguan, or daoren.
The transmission patriarchs retroactively recognized by Quanzhen Daoism: Wang Xuanfu (Donghua Dijun), Zhongli Quan, Lü Dongbin, Liu Haichan, and Wang Chongyang, represent…
The five patriarchs of the Southern Lineage of internal alchemy: Zhang Boduan, Shi Tai, Xue Daoguang, Chen Nan, and Bai Yuchan, who taught 'first cultivate Life, then cul…
One of the Lingbao retreat rites (zhai), a great retreat performed to pray for blessings and avert calamity on behalf of the emperor and the state and to protect its alta…
Compiled by the Chinese Taoist Association and the Suzhou Taoist Association, published by Huaxia Publishing House in 1994, it contains over ten thousand entries and is t…
The highest-ranking jiao rite in Daoism, in which all the deities of the Three Realms and Ten Directions are invited (luotian meaning the Great Canopy Heaven, Daluo tian)…
A Daoist place of practice built into or named after a mountain cave, such as Mingxia Grotto on Mount Lao, Zhuming Grotto on Mount Luofu, and Baiyun Grotto — connected wi…
One of the names for a Daoist establishment, most often used for household altars, charitable halls, or spirit-writing halls (as with the various daotang of Hong Kong); a…
Head of the Order (zhangjiao) was the supreme leadership position of the Quanzhen order during the Jin and Yuan dynasties. After Wang Chongyang, the post was held in succ…
A Hereditary Temple (zisun miao) is a privately held temple passed down through the master-disciple relationship, from teacher to disciple. It may take on disciples but m…
A small Daoist dwelling or place of practice; originally the term meant a thatched hut. Many early Quanzhen priests practiced in such huts (e.g. Wang Chongyang's Quanzhen…
A Han-dynasty current of thought that took Huangdi and Laozi as its founders, blending the non-action of Daoist philosophy with immortality techniques and yin-yang numero…
One of the Three Register Retreats, instituted to dispel calamity and pray for blessings on behalf of emperors, officials, nobles and commoners alike; its rank is below t…
A Daoist lineage of the late Southern Song and early Yuan tracing its founder to Xu Xun, formally established by Liu Yu in the Yuan dynasty; it took 'loyalty, filial piet…
Li Er, a Spring and Autumn period thinker and author of the Daodejing, founder of Daoist philosophy. Daoism venerates him as its founding teacher and as an incarnation of…
A believer who venerates the Dao while remaining a householder rather than becoming ordained; Tang and Song literati styled themselves 'Daoist lay devotees,' and contempo…
The head clerical office of each parish under the early Way of the Celestial Masters, responsible for governing Daoist commoners, presiding over the submission of petitio…
The master-to-disciple genealogy of Daoist transmission, perpetuated through the passing on of scriptures, the conferral of registers, the transmission of precepts, or se…
A verse used by each lineage to fix the order of generational succession; disciples take their Daoist names according to the characters of the verse, as in the Longmen Li…
Arose in the Eastern Jin when Ge Chaofu produced the Lingbao scriptures under the name of Ge Xuan; it absorbed Buddhist notions of kalpa cycles, rebirth, and universal sa…
Lodging at a Monastery (guadan) refers to an itinerant priest's temporary stay at a public monastery: he must be examined on the scriptures by the Guest Hall and have his…
The branch transmitted by Qiu Chuji, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen; revived in the early Qing when Wang Changyue conferred the precepts at White Cloud Temple, it…
A Daoist lineage that flourished at Louguan on the Zhongnan Mountains from the Northern Dynasties through the Sui and Tang; it venerated Yin Xi as its founder, holding th…
Ordination (chuanjie, Transmission of Precepts) is the rite by which a Quanzhen priest formally leaves the family and receives the precepts. A precept master transmits th…
Gong (Palace) designates a Daoist temple of grand scale or one bearing an imperial patent, such as Taiqing Palace, Shangqing Palace, Yongle Palace, and Qingyang Palace; f…
Patriarch, Grand Master (zongshi) is an honorific for the founder or an outstanding transmitter of a lineage; the Five Northern Patriarchs and Seven Perfected of the Quan…
According to legend, one of the Three Sacred Mountains in the Eastern Sea (Penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou), inhabited by immortals and possessing the elixir of immortali…
The Zhuangzi calls the utmost person who embodies the Dao a zhenren, "Perfected Person." Daoism uses the term as an honorific for immortals and adepts who have attained t…
Precepts and Rules are the norms of conduct that Daoism sets for believers and priests. Early forms included the Nine Precepts of Xiang'er and Lord Lao's Twenty-seven Pre…
Prior, Superintendent (jianyuan), colloquially called "dangjia," is the officer who manages the day-to-day affairs of a public monastery. Ranking below the Abbot, he over…
A Public Monastery (shifang conglin) is a large Quanzhen temple that receives itinerant priests from every direction for lodging and that publicly confers ordination, suc…
A Thunder Rite talismanic lineage formed in the late Song and early Yuan, tracing its founder to the Tang-dynasty Zushu; brought to culmination by Huang Shunshen in the Y…
A Daoist lineage founded by Wang Chongyang in the Jin dynasty, advocating the unity of the Three Teachings and the joint cultivation of Nature and Life (xingming shuangxi…
The Quanzhen Monastic Rules are the rules of daily conduct and the disciplinary regulations of Quanzhen temples, set out in texts such as the Pure Rules of Complete Perfe…
The Resident Head (zhuchi) is the person in charge of a particular temple. At hereditary temples this officer is usually called zhuchi or dangjia, whereas at public monas…
Ritual Registers (falu) are the graded texts of registers conferred on a Daoist priest. The Zhengyi order confers, among others, the Taishang Sanwu Dugong Register, the Z…
Wang Chongyang's seven great disciples — Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong, and Sun Bu'er — who respectively founded the Yuxian, Nanwu, S…
Formed in the Eastern Jin when Yang Xi, Xu Mi, and others received the revealed Shangqing scriptures from Wei Huacun and other transcendent beings; Tao Hongjing of Maosha…
A Thunder Rite lineage founded by Wang Wenqing and Lin Lingsu in the late Northern Song, vigorously patronized by Emperor Huizong of Song, venerating the Supreme Sovereig…
An internal-alchemy lineage tracing its founder to Zhang Boduan, which flourished in Jiangnan during the Southern Song; it taught cultivating Life before Nature and did n…
The deification of Laozi, the third of the Three Pure Ones as the Celestial Worthy of the Dao and Virtue (Daode Tianzun), residing in the Great Scarlet Heaven of the Grea…
An internal martial art guided by the theory of Taiji and Yin-Yang, traditionally attributed to Zhang Sanfeng of Wudang, though it actually took shape in places such as C…
A hypothetical stellar deity corresponding to the movement of Jupiter (the Year Star), governing the fortune and misfortune of each year. Daoism assigns a Lord of Taisui …
Temples dedicated to the Great Emperor of the Eastern Peak, found throughout China. The Dongyue Temple in Beijing was built by Zhang Liusun, Grand Patriarch of the Xuanji…
The Three Altars of Great Precepts are the three graded sets of precepts transmitted in Quanzhen ordination: the Precepts of Initial Perfection (the Ten Precepts and othe…
The three great talisman-conferral centers recognized by the Song court: Longhushan (Zhengyi), Maoshan (Shangqing), and Mount Gezao (Lingbao). In the Yuan dynasty the Cel…
A talismanic lineage transmitted by Rao Dongtian in the Northern Song, noted for healing and exorcism through the Northern Ultimate Court for Expelling Evil and the Three…
The twenty-four ecclesiastical parishes (zhi) that the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice established in Ba and Shu, such as the Yangping, Ludang, and Heming Parishes, each he…
Founded by Zhang Jiao in the late Eastern Han based on the Taiping Jing (Scripture of Great Peace), healing the sick with talisman water and incantations; with tens of th…
Immortality techniques transmitted by the fangshi of Yan and Qi during the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods, centered on the Three Divine Mountains of the sea, the el…
The later name for the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice founded by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han; Zhang Lu established a theocratic regime in Hanzhong, and after submitti…
A religious community founded in Shu by Zhang Ling during the reign of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han, named for the five pecks of rice required of new initiates; it was…
A general term for the talismanic lineages descended from the Way of the Celestial Masters; in the Yuan dynasty the Celestial Master of Longhushan was given authority ove…
A modern critical edition published by Huaxia Publishing House in 2004 and edited by Zhang Jiyu, in 49 volumes; it reorganizes and punctuates the texts of the Zhengtong D…
Celestial Masters: History and Ritual in Early Daoist Communities is the most comprehensive English-language monograph on the early Way of the Celestial Masters. Kleeman …
The Collected Compilation on the Treatise on Action and Response is the most widely circulated and voluminous of the many commentarial editions of the Treatise of the Mos…
The Xuanmen Risong Zaowan Gongke Jing (Daily Morning and Evening Liturgy of the Mysterious Gate) is a compilation of scriptures and litanies recited daily, morning and ev…
The Daodejing is the most fundamental classic of Daoist philosophy and religion, traditionally attributed to Lao Dan, Historian-Archivist of the Zhou royal library. The w…
Daoism Handbook, edited by Livia Kohn and published by Brill in 2000 as part of its Handbook of Oriental Studies series, is the first systematic collection of research su…
Daoist Texts outside the Canon is the most important modern facsimile compendium of Daoist texts, edited by Hu Daojing, Chen Yaoting, Duan Wengui, Lin Wanqing, and others…
Descriptive Notes on the Daoist Canon (Daozang tiyao) is the first descriptive catalogue in the Chinese-speaking world to examine every text in the Daozang individually, …
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (Li Longji) revered Daoism and honored Laozi as the Mysterious Primordial Emperor. He personally composed a commentary on the Daodejing, promulga…
The Hanwudi neizhuan (Esoteric Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han) is presented as an account of Emperor Wu of the Han's quest for immortality: on the seventh day of the …
Chen Yingning, an advocate of “Immortality Studies” (Xianxue) during the Republican era and later president of the Chinese Taoist Association, used modern language to org…
Essentials for Cultivating Longevity (Xiuling yaozhi), in one scroll, by Leng Qian of the Ming, is one of the most concise and practical handbooks of health preservation …
Extended Meaning of the Tract on Hidden Merit is a commentary on the Tract on Hidden Merit composed by the Qing-dynasty lay Buddhist Zhou Mengyan (style name Siren, sobri…
The Gazetteer of Mount Mao is one of the most complete and rigorously organized of the surviving Daoist mountain gazetteers, recording the full history of Mount Mao (Moun…
Mount Qingcheng, in Dujiangyan, Sichuan, is the fifth of the Ten Great Grotto-Heavens, the Heaven of Nine Chambers of Precious Immortals. Tradition holds that Zhang Daoli…
The Gazetteer of the Wanshou Palace on Mount Xiaoyao, in twenty-two scrolls, records the history, institutions, and cult of Xu Xun at the Yulong Wanshou Palace on Mount X…
Baiyun Guan in Beijing, the ancestral court of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen Daoism and the seat of the Chinese Taoist Association, had its predecessors in the Tang-dyn…
The Genealogy of the Han Celestial Masters is the official lineage record of the Zhengyi Celestial Masters of Mount Longhu. Beginning with the first-generation Celestial …
The Zhonghua Daojiao Dacidian (Great Dictionary of Chinese Daoism) was edited by Hu Fuchen of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and published by China Social Science…
There are two principal works sharing the title Daojiao Dacidian (Great Dictionary of Daoism). The first was edited by Li Shuhuan and published by the Chuliu Book Company…
The Great Precepts of Celestial Immortality form the third altar of the Quanzhen Three Altars of Great Precepts, also called the "Great Precepts of Celestial Immortality …
Qing Xitai's four-volume Zhongguo Daojiao Shi (History of Chinese Daoism), collectively compiled by the Institute for Religious Studies of Sichuan University, was publish…
Ren Jiyu's Zhongguo Daojiao Shi (History of Chinese Daoism), published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in 1990, was the first continuous general history of Daoism p…
The four-volume Zhongguo Daojiao Sixiang Shi (History of Chinese Daoist Thought), edited by Qing Xitai with Zhan Shichuang as deputy editor, was published by People's Pub…
The eighteen-juan Daishi (History of Mount Dai), compiled by Zha Zhilong of the Ming, is the earliest comparatively complete surviving gazetteer of Mount Tai. Mount Tai, …
《大明玄天上帝瑞应图录》是明永乐朝为「北建故宫、南修武当」的武当大营建配套官修的瑞应图册，图文对照记录永乐十年至十七年间营建武当宫观时的「祥瑞显应」：黑云感应、榔梅呈瑞、五色圆光、骞林应祥等数十事，每事一图一记。其政治功能十分明确——朱棣以「靖难」得位，宣称真武「阴翊默赞」，此图录即以图像证明皇帝崇奉真武获得神明回应，为永乐政权的合法性叙…
The Inner Biographies of the Immortals of the Ancestral Court on Mount Zhongnan (Zhongnanshan zuting xianzhen neizhuan), in three scrolls, is devoted to the deeds of seve…
Lectures on the Daodejing is Huang Yuanji's chapter-by-chapter exposition of the Daodejing according to the principles of internal-alchemical cultivation, forming a compl…
Liaofan's Four Lessons is a Ming-dynasty book of instruction that Yuan Huang wrote for his son, divided into four chapters: "The Study of Establishing One's Destiny," "Th…
The Precious Records of the Jade Calendar is the most widely circulated illustrated morality book on hell, attributed to the Song-dynasty Daoist Danchi, who is said to ha…
The Quanzhen Qinggui (Pure Rules of Complete Perfection) is a one-fascicle compilation of Quanzhen monastic regulations compiled by Lu Daohe in the Yuan dynasty, the earl…
The Record of the Essence of the Daoist Canon is a selection of Daoist texts compiled by the renowned modern bibliophile and physician Ding Fubao, published in 1922 by th…
The Record of the Ten Continents within the Seas is presented as Dongfang Shuo's reply to a question of Emperor Wu of the Han, and describes in turn the ten sea-borne imm…
The Recorded Sayings from the Hall of Joyful Cultivation collects the sayings on the Dao given by Huang Yuanji (personal name Shang), a Daoist of Fengcheng, Jiangxi, in t…
The Reprinted Essentials of the Daoist Canon is an enlarged and revised reprint of the Essentials of the Daoist Canon, published in the thirty-second year of the Guangxu …
The Selected Daoist Texts Series (Daojiao Dianji Xuankan) is a series of critically collated and annotated Daoist classics published by Zhonghua Book Company, appearing s…
The Wushang Biyao (Supreme Secret Essentials) is the earliest surviving Daoist encyclopedic compilation, commissioned by Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, who after suppressin…
The Wu-Liu School of Immortality (Wuliu xianzong) is a compendium combining the alchemical writings of Wu Shouyang of the late Ming and Liu Huayang of the Qing; the stand…
The True Scripture of Awakening the World by Lord Guan is one of the "Three Sage Scriptures," the morality books of the Ming and Qing periods, attributed to Guan Yu (Lord…
Twelve Daoist Books is the collected works of Liu Yiming, eleventh-generation patriarch of the Longmen Lineage in the Qing dynasty. Though named "twelve," the standard ed…
The Wanshou Daoist Canon of the Zhenghe Era is the first block-printed Daoist Canon in Chinese history, a work of epoch-making significance. Emperor Huizong of Song, who …
The Zhonghua Daozang is the first systematic reorganization of Daoist scriptures undertaken in nearly five hundred years since the Ming, edited in chief by Zhang Jiyu of …
「武当玄武派」作为有连续可考谱系的道派，文献依据相当薄弱；它今天的形态，本质上是 1989 年由武当山道教协会（首任会长王光德）恢复并统合而设的本山派系。其起源叙事有三种互相竞争的说法——明永乐十一年（1413）张宇清选调四百道士说、张三丰开创说、元代张守清一系说——三说均带有不同程度的追认性质：选调道士确有其事（任自垣《敕建大岳太和山志…
「武当＝武学圣地」的公众形象，是三重叠加的产物：黄宗羲《王征南墓志铭》（1669）一句「内家拳起于宋之张三峰」、民国中央国术馆把太极形意八卦划归「武当门」的分类建构、以及金庸与还珠楼主的小说想象。真实的武当道教以真武信仰、斋醮科仪、内丹修炼为主体，武术是附属，且大量内容为民国以来整合追认；但当代武当山又以这一形象为依托，重建了确实存在且已…
玄武最初不是神，而是天上的一片星区：二十八宿中北方七宿连缀成龟蛇缠绕之形，与青龙、白虎、朱雀并为四象。此后两千年，这个星象一步步走向人格化的至上神：六朝隋唐被道教吸收为北方之神；宋真宗为避「圣祖」赵玄朗名讳改「玄武」为「真武」，此后宋室累加封号；元成宗大德七年（1303）加封「玄天上帝」，由真君升格为上帝；明成祖借「靖难显圣」尊为皇室保护…