Dao · Global Daoism Archive道 · 全球道教资料库 · dao.jic.io

A systematic archive of Daoism — its history, schools, development, distribution, figures, sacred mountains, heritage sites and scriptures — with sources cited for every entry. For researchers, practitioners and anyone drawn to Daoist culture. Continually expanding.

14periods179events76Schools316Figures562Sacred Sites234Scriptures64regions288Glossary152research resources

History & Development

History

From pre-Qin Daoist thought to the contemporary revival, linking figures, texts and temples. 14 / 179

Schools & Lineages

Schools & Lineages

Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi, Jingming, Shenxiao, Qingwei — origins, doctrine, practice and survival. 76

Figures Through the Ages

Figures

Founders, inner-alchemy masters, ritual specialists, Daoist-patron emperors, and scholars of Daoism worldwide. 316

Sacred Sites & Heritage

Sacred Sites & Heritage

Grotto-Heavens and Blessed Lands, the Five Marchmounts, ancestral temples, cave shrines, steles and overseas temples — with a map. 562

Scriptures & Canon

Scriptures & Canon

Daoist classics, the Daozang, alchemical texts, ritual manuals, hagiographies, morality books and modern reference works, with links to full texts. 234

Global Distribution

Distribution

Daoism across China's provinces and abroad — regional profiles, organizations and statistics. 64 / 71

Glossary

Glossary

Deities, doctrine, cultivation, ritual, institutions and cosmology. 288

Research Resources

Resources

Digital libraries, academic institutions, journals, associations, museums, reference works and bibliographies — an index to Daoist materials online. 152

The Long River of History

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Pre-Qin Origins of Daoist Thought

先秦道家渊源 · c. 6th century BCE – 221 BCE

In the pre-Qin period there was not yet an organized religion called "Daoism" (Daojiao), but most of the ideas…

Qin–Han: Fangxian Cults and Huang-Lao

秦汉方仙道与黄老道 · 221 BCE – c. 100

The Qin and Han were a crucial stage in the "prehistory" of Daoism. Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of Han both p…

Eastern Han: Founding of Organized Daoism

东汉道教创立 · c. 100–220

In the mid-to-late Eastern Han, on the foundation of Huang–Lao Dao, belief in the Taiping jing, and popular sh…

Wei–Jin: Spread of the Celestial Masters, Shangqing and Lingbao

魏晋道教 · 220—420

The Wei-Jin period saw Daoism move from a local religious community toward a nationwide religion, and from pop…

Northern and Southern Dynasties: Reform and Canon Formation

南北朝道教改革与整合 · 420—589

The Northern and Southern Dynasties were an era of "reform, consolidation, and official recognition" for Daois…

Sui–Tang: Daoism as State Religion

隋唐道教的国教化 · 581—907

The Sui and Tang were among the golden ages of Daoism. Both Emperor Wen and Emperor Yang of Sui treated Daoist…

Five Dynasties and Northern Song

五代北宋:内丹转向与符箓新法 · 907—1127

During the wars and upheavals of the Five Dynasties, Daoism continued to be honored under the various regional…

Southern Song, Jin and Yuan: Rise of Quanzhen and Formation of Zhengyi

南宋金元:全真兴起与正一形成 · 1127—1368

After the Jingkang Incident, China was divided into a northern and a southern regime, and Daoism developed alo…

Ming Dynasty

明代:正一全真并立与正统道藏 · 1368—1644

Ming Daoism, under state administration, continued the twofold "Zhengyi–Quanzhen" configuration, with Zhengyi …

Qing Dynasty

清代:官方冷落与龙门中兴 · 1644—1911

The Qing dynasty made Tibetan Buddhism its state religion, and its attitude toward Daoism grew cool and contro…

Republican Era

民国:组织化尝试与仙学 · 1912—1949

The 1911 Revolution abolished the hereditary title of Celestial Master, and Daoism lost the institutional supp…

People's Republic: Association, Cultural Revolution and Revival

1949 年后:中国道教协会、文革与复兴 · 1949—2000

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Daoism underwent reorganization amid land reform and shi…

Contemporary Daoism in China

当代道教(2000 年后) · 2000–present

Entering the twenty-first century, Daoism on the Chinese mainland has continued to develop under institutional…

Daoism in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Overseas

港澳台与海外传播 · c. 7th century–present

The transmission of Daoism beyond China's borders has a long but uneven history. In East Asia: Tang-dynasty Da…

Major Schools

All 76 →

Lao–Zhuang School (Pre-Qin Daoist Philosophy)

老庄学派(先秦道家)

The Lao–Zhuang School is the strand of pre-Qin philosophical thought that takes the "Dao" as its highest category; it wa…

Pre-Qin · Laozi, Zhuangzi

Huang–Lao Daoism

黄老道

"Huang-Lao" refers to a system of thought and belief attributed to the Yellow Emperor and following the teaching of Laoz…

Warring States–Han ·

Fangxian Dao (Way of the Fangshi and Immortality-seekers)

方仙道

Fangxian Dao is the general term for the immortality beliefs and traditions of esoteric arts current from the Warring St…

Warring States–Qin-Han ·

Way of Great Peace (Taiping Dao)

太平道

The Way of Great Peace (Taiping Dao) was an early Daoist religious community founded by Zhang Jiao in Jizhou at the end …

Eastern Han · Zhang Jiao

Way of the Five Pecks of Rice (Wudoumi Dao)

五斗米道

The Way of the Five Pecks of Rice (Wudoumi Dao) was a Daoist religious community founded by Zhang Daoling (Zhang Ling) i…

Eastern Han · Zhang Daoling

Way of the Celestial Masters (Tianshi Dao)

天师道

The Way of the Celestial Masters (Tianshi Dao) is the continuation and further development of the Way of the Five Pecks …

Eastern Han–Northern and Southern Dynasties · Zhang Daoling

Northern Celestial Masters

北天师道

The Northern Celestial Masters is the school that took shape after the Daoist priest Kou Qianzhi reformed the Way of the…

Northern and Southern Dynasties · Kou Qianzhi

Southern Celestial Masters

南天师道

The Southern Celestial Masters refers to the branch of the Way of the Celestial Masters that developed in Jiangnan durin…

Northern and Southern Dynasties · Lu Xiujing

Notable Figures

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Laozi

老子

Laozi, surnamed Li, given name Er, styled Dan, was a thinker of the late Spring and Autumn period, traditionally said to…

Spring and Autumn period · c. 571 BCE—?

Zhuangzi

庄子

Zhuangzi, personal name Zhou, was a native of Meng in the state of Song in the mid-Warring States period, who once serve…

Warring States · c. 369 BCE—c. 286 BCE

Zhang Daoling

张陵

Zhang Ling, courtesy name Fuhan, known to later generations as Zhang Daoling, was a native of Feng in the state of Pei i…

Eastern Han · 34—156

Ge Hong

葛洪

Ge Hong, style name Zhichuan, self-styled Baopuzi (Master Who Embraces Simplicity), was a native of Jurong in Danyang un…

Eastern Jin · 283—343

Lu Xiujing

陆修静

Lu Xiujing, styled Yuande, was a celebrated Daoist priest of the Liu Song in the Southern Dynasties, a native of Dongqia…

Liu Song · 406—477

Tao Hongjing

陶弘景

Tao Hongjing, style name Tongming, self-styled the Hermit of Huayang, was a Daoist priest and scholar active between the…

Southern Qi–Liang (Southern Dynasties) · 456—536

Sima Chengzhen

司马承祯

Sima Chengzhen, style name Ziwei, Dharma name Daoyin, sobriquet Baiyunzi, was the twelfth patriarch of the Tang-dynasty …

Tang · 647—735

Zhang Boduan

张伯端

Zhang Boduan, styled Pingshu and later renamed Yongcheng, with the sobriquet Ziyang, was a renowned master of internal a…

Northern Song · 984—1082

Bai Yuchan

白玉蟾

Bai Yuchan, originally surnamed Ge, given name Changgeng, whose ancestral home was Minqing, Fujian, was born in Qiongzho…

Southern Song · 1194—c. 1229 (one account gives 1289)

Wang Chongyang

王重阳

Wang Chongyang, founder of Quanzhen Daoism. Born into a wealthy family in Guanzhong, he sat for both the civil and milit…

Jin · 1113—1170

Qiu Chuji

丘处机

Qiu Chuji, a native of Qixia, Shandong, renounced the household at nineteen and took Wang Chongyang as his teacher the f…

Jin–Yuan · 1148—1227

Zhang Sanfeng

张三丰

Zhang Sanfeng was a celebrated Daoist priest of the late Yuan and early Ming, whose deeds are difficult to distinguish f…

Late Yuan–Early Ming · c. 1247 (alternatively 1314)—?

Wang Changyue

王常月

Wang Changyue, a native of Changzhi in Shanxi, was the patriarch of the early Qing revival of the Quanzhen Longmen Linea…

Late Ming–early Qing · c. 1594 (alternatively 1522)—1680

Chen Yingning

陈撄宁

Chen Yingning, a native of Huaining, Anhui, was the most important Daoist reformer and advocate of Xianxue (Immortality …

Republican Era–Present · 1880—1969

Sacred Mountains & Temples

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Wudang Mountains

武当山

Wudang Mountains, anciently called Mount Taihe, is the sacred site of Zhenwu (the Perfected Warrior, Xuandi), and is lis…

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Hubei

Mount Longhu (Dragon and Tiger Mountain)

龙虎山

Mount Longhu is the ancestral seat of Zhengyi Daoism (the Way of the Celestial Masters). According to tradition, Zhang D…

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Jiangxi

Mount Qingcheng

青城山

Mount Qingcheng is one of the birthplaces of Daoism. Tradition holds that Zhang Daoling built a thatched hermitage here …

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Sichuan

Mount Qiyun

齐云山

Mount Qiyun, anciently called Mount Baiyue, is a famous Daoist mountain of the Huizhou region; like Mount Wudang it vene…

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Anhui

Louguantai (Louguan Terrace)

楼观台

Louguantai is traditionally held to be the place where Yin Xi, keeper of Hangu Pass in the Zhou dynasty, built a thatche…

Temples and Abbeys (Gongguan) · Shaanxi

Mount Lao (Laoshan)

崂山

Mount Lao is known as 'the foremost mountain by the sea,' and in Daoism as 'the dwelling of immortals and the abode of t…

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Shandong

Mount Mao (Maoshan)

茅山(句曲山)

Mount Mao was anciently called Mount Gouqu; tradition holds that the three Mao brothers — Mao Ying, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong…

Daoist Sacred Mountains · Jiangsu

White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan), Beijing

北京白云观

White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) is one of the Three Great Ancestral Courts of Quanzhen Daoism and the ancestral court o…

Temples and Abbeys (Gongguan) · Beijing

Core Scriptures

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Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)

道德经

The Daodejing is the most fundamental classic of Daoist philosophy and religion, traditionally attributed to Lao Dan, Hi…

Pre-Qin · Daoist Philosophy

Zhuangzi

庄子

The Zhuangzi, together with the Daodejing, is one of the two great classics of Daoist philosophy. Its author, Zhuang Zho…

Warring States · Daoist Philosophy

Scripture of Great Peace (Taiping jing)

太平经

The Taiping Jing (Scripture of Great Peace) is the earliest and longest of the surviving early Daoist scriptures, and th…

Eastern Han · Early Daoist Scriptures

Zhouyi cantong qi (The Seal of the Unity of the Three)

周易参同契

The Zhouyi Cantong Qi (Token for the Agreement of the Three According to the Book of Changes) was later honored as the k…

Eastern Han · Alchemical Texts

Baopuzi: Inner Chapters

抱朴子内篇

The Baopuzi Inner Chapters is Ge Hong's systematic theoretical work summarizing the immortality arts transmitted from th…

Eastern Jin · Early Daoist Scriptures

Scripture of the Yellow Court: Inner Effulgences

黄庭内景经

The Scripture of the Yellow Court: Inner Effulgences (Huangting neijing jing) is the most important scripture of visuali…

Eastern Jin · Early Daoist Scriptures

Declarations of the Perfected (Zhengao)

真诰

The Declarations of the Perfected (Zhengao) is the fundamental text of the Shangqing School, compiled by Tao Hongjing fr…

Liang of the Southern Dynasties · Early Daoist Scriptures

Wondrous Scripture of the Upper Chapters on Limitless Salvation (Duren jing)

元始无量度人上品妙经

The Duren jing, in full the Wondrous Scripture of the Upper Chapters on Limitless Salvation of Primordial Beginning, is …

Late Eastern Jin · Early Daoist Scriptures

Scripture of Constant Clarity and Stillness (Qingjing jing)

太上老君说常清静经

The Qingjing jing (Scripture of Constant Clarity and Stillness) runs to only a little over 390 characters in total, and …

Tang · Early Daoist Scriptures

Seven Slips from the Bookbag of the Clouds (Yunji qiqian)

云笈七签

The Yunji Qiqian (Seven Slips from the Bookbag of the Clouds) is a Daoist compendium compiled by Zhang Junfang of the No…

Northern Song · Encyclopedic Compendia (Leishu)

Awakening to Reality (Wuzhen pian)

悟真篇

The Wuzhen pian (Awakening to Reality) is a collection of internal-alchemy poems by Zhang Boduan of the Northern Song, r…

Northern Song · Alchemical Texts

Daoist Canon of the Zhengtong Era

正统道藏

The Daoist Canon of the Zhengtong Era (Zhengtong Daozang) is the only complete premodern Daoist canon still in existence…

Ming · Daozang Collections