Mazu, City Gods, Earth Gods, Guandi, wealth gods and other intersecting traditions, marked as shared, adopted or disputed rather than automatically made Daoist.
财神随华人移民出海，在不同社会走出了完全不同的轨迹。东南亚的宗教实践最厚：新加坡有以财神为主神的三巴旺财神庙与韭菜芭城隍庙的子时接财神科仪；马来西亚的财神香火与「大伯公」信仰互相渗透，新山柔佛古庙的琼帮赵大元帅是财神进入帮群共同体的例证。泰国把「财神爷」按潮州音读作 ไฉ่ซิงเอี๊ย，完全溢出华人圈成为全民求财的顶流神祇。在地化最深…
民间求财拜财神，道教内部则有一套经典与科仪系统支撑：《正统道藏》所收《道法会元》卷二三二至二四〇的「正一玄坛赵元帅秘法」是财神职能的道藏源头，其中「公平买卖，求财利宜和合，但有至公至正之事，可以对神言者，祷之无不如意」一句，为道教财神立下了「至公至正」的伦理前提；近世宫观课诵的《玄坛宝诰》称赵公明「受命玉帝，管理财源」「玄化财神天尊」；台…
财神庙的版图呈现一个耐人寻味的格局：在正规道教丛林里，财神从来只是配殿神——白云观、天师府、上海城隍庙的财神殿都附于大宫观之内；单独成庙的「财神庙」大多是民间庙宇或新建景区。大陆一侧，陕西周至赵大村有明万历碑刻支撑的「财神故里」叙事，也有曲江文旅五亿元景区与借壳上市风波并存的「一神两庙」现实；山东淄川五松山是增福财神李诡祖祖庭，河南卫辉比…
「财神」在民间信仰中从来不是单一神祇，而是一个不断吸纳成员的职能神系：正财神赵公明之外，有以「无心不偏」的比干、「三聚三散」的范蠡、「三受皇封」的李诡祖、儒商鼻祖子贡为代表的文财神；有借晋商网络封圣的武财神关羽；有从江南五通淫祀「洗白」而来的五路财神；还有刘海蟾、沈万三、韩信、利市仙官、和合二仙等准财神与偏财神，以及在闽台财神化的土地公。…
正月初五「破五」迎财神是中国岁时民俗中生命力最强的一项：北宋《东京梦华录》已见岁末卖「财马」；清顾禄《清嘉录》记苏州「五日为路头神诞辰，金锣爆竹，牲醴毕陈，以争先为利市，必早起迎之，谓之接路头」，蔡云竹枝词更写活了「提防别处迎神早，隔夜匆匆抱路头」的抢财神心态。本文梳理迎财神民俗的完整链条：路头神与五路财神的关系、「财神生日」实为两套系统…
今天家家供奉的「正财神」赵公明，最初的文献形象令人意外：晋代《搜神记》里他是「督数鬼下取人」的冥神，注文直称「瘟鬼」；陶弘景《真诰》中他是主管冢墓的土下五方神之一。此后两千年，这位瘟部鬼帅完成了中国神谱中罕见的彻底转型——宋元雷法文献《道法会元》把他纳入正一雷部，号「正一玄坛赵元帅」，位列马赵温关四大元帅；元刊《新编连相搜神广记》首次明确…
The Imperial Sovereign of Earth is one of the Four Sovereigns, presiding over mountains and rivers, yin-yang generation and the transformation of all beings, in a Heaven-…
In the third year of the Jiande era, Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou abolished both Buddhism and Daoism, then established the Tongdao Guan (Belvedere of Pervading the Dao), s…
During the reign of Möngke Khan, disputes over the Scripture of Laozi's Conversion of the Barbarians (Huahu jing) and monastic property led to three debates between Buddh…
Around the third year of the Taishi era of Emperor Ming of Song (467), Gu Huan wrote the 'Yixia Lun' (Treatise on the Barbarians and the Chinese), arguing that Daoism was…
Zhenwu became a state protector deity through Yongle's patronage; Guan Yu was granted the title 'Great Emperor Who Subdues Demons of the Three Realms, Divine Might Far-Re…
Bai Yuchan, originally surnamed Ge, given name Changgeng, whose ancestral home was Minqing, Fujian, was born in Qiongzhou. Renowned as a child prodigy, he later abandoned…
Chen Jinggu, a native of Fuzhou, is one of the most important female deities of the Fujian–Taiwan region, honored with the titles Linshui furen (Lady of Linshui) and Shun…
Chen Liansheng, a native of Shanghai and a Zhengyi Daoist priest born into a Daoist family, who studied liturgical chanting and ritual from childhood and was already a we…
Chen Zhixu, style name Guanwu, sobriquet Shangyangzi, was a native of Luling, Jiangxi, and one of the great synthesizers of internal alchemy in the Yuan dynasty. At the a…
Cheng Xuanying, style name Zishi, was an early Tang Daoist priest and a leading representative of Chongxuan (Twofold Mystery) learning. His dates of birth and death are n…
Emperor Gaozong of Tang, personal name Li Zhi, was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang and reigned 649–683. Since the Tang imperial house claimed descent from Laozi,…
The sacrifices to Laozi conducted during the reign of Emperor Huan of Han (Liu Zhi, r. 146–168) are a key marker of Laozi's transformation from a philosopher into a vener…
Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao Ji, reigned from 1100 to 1126, and was one of the most devoutly Daoist emperors in Chinese history. After his accession he trusted and emplo…
Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che, is the most famous immortality-seeking ruler in Chinese history; the "Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices" of the Shiji (Records of the G…
Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan, had a complex relationship with Daoism, moving from belief to renunciation, yet never entirely severing his ties. In his early years he fav…
Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, Yuwen Yong, is known in the history of Daoism for the episode of destroying Buddhism and Daoism in the Jiande era while establishing the Tong…
Emperor Zhenzong of Song, personal name Zhao Heng, reigned 997–1022. After the Treaty of Chanyuan (1004), in order to "overawe the realm and impress foreign states," unde…
Fu Qinjia was a scholar of the Republican era, of whom very little biographical information survives. His work History of Chinese Daoism (Zhongguo daojiao shi, The Commer…
Gu Huan, styled Jingyi (also styled Xuanping), was a Daoist scholar and recluse of the Southern Dynasties. Poor but devoted to study, he lived in reclusion on Mount Tiant…
Zhu Houcong, the eleventh emperor of the Ming, reigned under the era name Jiajing for forty-five years and was the Ming ruler most devoted to Daoism. After his accession …
Kenneth Dean, an American-born scholar, formerly a professor at McGill University and now professor of Chinese studies at the National University of Singapore, has conduc…
Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of Yuan, adopted a dual-track policy toward Daoism of suppressing Quanzhen while supporting Zhengyi, profoundly reshaping the Daoist landscape …
Kubo Noritada was a Japanese scholar of Daoism, professor emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo, and president of the Japanese Socie…
Lee Fong-mao is a Taiwanese scholar of Daoism, chair professor at the Graduate Institute of Religious Studies, National Chengchi University, and research fellow (emeritus…
Li Daochun, style name Yuansu, sobriquet Qing'an, was a native of Xuyi, Jiangsu, and a prominent theorist of internal alchemy in the early Yuan; his dates of birth and de…
Li Rong, an early Tang Daoist priest with the sobriquet Renzhenzi, a native of Mianzhou, is ranked together with Cheng Xuanying as one of the two great masters of Chongxu…
Li Shuhuan, a Daoist figure and scholar active in Taiwan from the Republican era into modern times; his birth and death years are unknown. After 1949 he engaged in Daoist…
Li Yangzheng, a native of Nanchang, Jiangxi, was a research fellow in the research office of the Chinese Taoist Association and worked for many years on Daoist research a…
Li Yuanxing was a Daoist priest of Yizhou active under Emperor Gaozong of Tang, one of the figures, along with Li Rong and Fang Huichang, in the tradition of Daoist doctr…
Li Zhichang, the seventh head of the Quanzhen teaching, renounced the household in his early years and studied under Qiu Chuji; in 1220 he accompanied his teacher on the …
Lin Zhao'en, courtesy name Maoxun, styled Longjiang, was a native of Putian, Fujian, and the founder of the Sanyi (Three-in-One) Teaching, also known as the Xia Teaching …
Liu Yu, courtesy name Yizhen, a native of Nanchang, Jiangxi, was the actual founder of Jingming Daoism in the Yuan dynasty. In his youth he studied the Confucian classics…
Liu Zhongyu is a professor and doctoral supervisor in the Department of Philosophy at East China Normal University, and a leading scholar of Daoist studies in Shanghai. H…
Mu Changchao was a Quanzhen Daoist priest of the Yuan dynasty; his dates and native place are unknown, and he was active roughly from the late thirteenth to the early fou…
Nan Huaijin, a native of Yueqing, Zhejiang, was a well-known modern lecturer on Chinese classical learning (guoxue). In his early years he studied martial arts and Chan m…
任自垣，号蟾宇，出家茅山元符万宁宫，属上清茅山系道士。永乐四年（1406）应召入文渊阁参与纂修《永乐大典》；永乐十一年（1413）经第四十四代天师张宇清举荐，敕授武当山玄天玉虚宫提点，总理武当道教事务，正是永乐选调各省道士四百余人入山办道的亲历者与管理者；宣德三年（1428）升太常寺丞，仍提调大岳太和山。宣德六年（1431）纂成《敕建大岳…
Sa Shoujian, sobriquet 'Guest of Fenyang,' was a renowned Daoist priest of the Song dynasty, later venerated as 'Perfected Man Sa' or 'Patriarch Sa,' and is counted toget…
Sakai Tadao was a Japanese historian, professor emeritus at the University of Tsukuba, and president of the Japanese Society of Taoist Studies. He is known for his resear…
Tang Kwok-wah (1910–2004) was a Hong Kong businessman, philanthropist and Daoist leader who served for many years as chairman of the Yuen Yuen Institute and chairman (pre…
Tang Yijie, son of the philosopher Tang Yongtong, was a professor in the Department of Philosophy at Peking University and founding dean of the Institute of Chinese Cultu…
Wang Chongyang, founder of Quanzhen Daoism. Born into a wealthy family in Guanzhong, he sat for both the civil and military examinations in his early years but failed to …
Wang Yan, style name Ziyuan, was a renowned Daoist priest of the Louguan School from the Northern Zhou to the Sui. He entered the Daoist order in the third year of Datong…
Wang Zhitan, a native of Tangyin in Henan, was the ninth-generation head of the Quanzhen order. He left home to become a priest in his youth, studying first under a disci…
Wei Jie was a Daoist priest of the Louguan School under the Northern Zhou, together with Yan Da, Wang Yan and others one of the 'Ten Elders of Tiangu at Louguan' (also ca…
Wu Zetian was the empress of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and proclaimed herself emperor, founding the Zhou dynasty, from 690 to 705. Her relationship with Daoism was two-side…
Zhu Di, the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming, became the third Ming emperor after seizing the throne in the Jingnan campaign, and reigned under the era name Y…
Yoshioka Yoshitoyo, a Japanese scholar of Daoism, was a professor at Taishō University. In the 1940s he resided at the White Cloud Temple, Beijing, to conduct fieldwork t…
Zhang Jixian, styled Jiawen (also styled Daozheng), sobriquet Xiaoranzi, was the thirtieth Celestial Master of Longhushan and one of the most famous Celestial Masters in …
Zhang Shouqing, personal name Dongyuan, courtesy name Shouqing, was a native of Yidu in Xiazhou, Hubei, and the central figure of Wudang Daoism under the Yuan. He served …
Zhang Yuchu, the forty-third-generation Celestial Master of Mount Longhu, was the most learned of the Ming Celestial Masters, succeeding to the office in the eleventh yea…
Zhang Yuqing, the forty-fourth-generation Celestial Master of Mount Longhu and younger brother of Zhang Yuchu, succeeded to the office in the eighth year of Yongle (1410)…
Zhang Zhijing, a native of Anci in Hebei, was the eighth-generation head of the Quanzhen order. He left home to become a priest in his childhood, studying under Li Zhicha…
Built in Yokohama Chinatown in 1862, enshrining Guandi, it has been rebuilt several times after being destroyed by earthquakes and war (the current, fourth-generation bui…
Built by Chinese immigrants in Port Louis in 1842, it is one of the oldest Chinese temples in the Southern Hemisphere, enshrining Guandi; it is the center of Chinese reli…
The oldest surviving Chinese temple in Malaysia, enshrining Guanyin, Mazu, Guandi and others, jointly venerating Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism; historically it was th…
The religious organization of the Taoist Tai Chi Society, venerating the Three Teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism, originating from the Fung Ying Seen Koon / …
Founded in 1921 to manage the Wong Tai Sin Temple, dedicated to Huang Chuping, while also honoring Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism together, it began through spirit-wr…
Founded in 1985 and headquartered at the Shanghai City God Temple, it established the Shanghai Taoist College in 1986 (with Chen Liansheng as its first dean) and publishe…
A charitable religious organization established after Dejiao (the Teaching of Virtue, originating in Chaoyang in 1939) spread to Thailand, it venerates the "Sages of the …
Built between 1839 and 1842 by Hokkien immigrants, enshrining Mazu, it is the oldest Hokkien temple in Singapore and the seat of the Hokkien Huay Kuan (Fujian Association…
Continuing the Sam Kauw Hwee (Tridharma Association) founded by Kwee Tek Hoay in 1934, it is the national umbrella organization for Indonesia's "Three Teachings" temples …
Founded in 1950 at Sam Dip Tam in Tsuen Wan, it advocates the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, enshrining the sages of all three teachings; it is one of the f…
Entering the twenty-first century, Daoism on the Chinese mainland has continued to develop under institutionalized management. The Chinese Taoist Association has been led…
The transmission of Daoism beyond China's borders has a long but uneven history. In East Asia: Tang-dynasty Daoism influenced the Korean peninsula (Goguryeo sent an envoy…
Ming Daoism, under state administration, continued the twofold "Zhengyi–Quanzhen" configuration, with Zhengyi more heavily relied upon by the court for its expertise in l…
The Northern and Southern Dynasties were an era of "reform, consolidation, and official recognition" for Daoism, with distinct developments in north and south. In the nor…
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Daoism underwent reorganization amid land reform and shifting religious policy: temple lands were confiscated or red…
The Qing dynasty made Tibetan Buddhism its state religion, and its attitude toward Daoism grew cool and controlling. The Shunzhi reign and the early Kangxi reign still tr…
After the Jingkang Incident, China was divided into a northern and a southern regime, and Daoism developed along two distinct northern and southern paths. Under the rule …
The Wei-Jin period saw Daoism move from a local religious community toward a nationwide religion, and from popular belief toward aristocratization and canon formation. Af…
A number of temples and Taoist associations maintain official accounts on Bilibili that post ritual protocols, scripture chanting, lectures, and documentaries, such as th…
A platform for the study of religion established at National Chengchi University, Taiwan, in 2012, directed by scholars such as Lee Fong-mao and Hsieh Shu-wei; it publish…
The Dictionary of Daoist Culture, edited by Zhang Zhizhe, published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House in 1994, focusing on various aspects of Daoist culture (lite…
One of the earliest departments of religious studies established in Taiwan (its graduate institute was founded in 1988); it offers courses in Daoist studies, with scholar…
The Department of Religious Studies at Shandong University has a track in Daoist studies; drawing on the resources of Qilu Daoism (the birthplace of Quanzhen Daoism), it …
An electronic dictionary of Buddhist terminology maintained by Charles Muller, containing over 70,000 entries, many of which are terms shared or borrowed between Buddhism…
The Hong Kong Heritage Museum has held exhibitions related to Daoist culture, and holds artifacts from Hong Kong Daoist halls, Daoist ritual implements, and folk religion…
Based on fieldwork in Fujian, Kenneth Dean studies the interaction between Daoist ritual and local cults of deities (Baosheng Dadi, Qingshui Zushi, Guangze Zunwang, and o…
SOAS has a track in Chinese religion and Daoist studies; scholars such as Antonello Palumbo work on medieval Daoism and the relationship between Buddhism and Daoism. The …
An academic journal published by the Taiwan Association for Religious Studies (founded 2000), publishing papers across all fields of religious studies, with a substantial…
The Palace Museum holds Ming and Qing court Daoist artifacts, including the image of Zhenwu in the Hall of Imperial Peace (Qin'an Dian), Daoist ritual implements, a Ming-…
The journal of the Japanese Society of Taoist Studies (Tōhō Shūkyō), founded in 1951 and published twice yearly; it is the core journal of Daoist studies in Japan, publis…
The University of Chicago Divinity School and Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations offer a track in Chinese religion; Anna Seidel trained here, and schola…
The Bidong Branch, in full the "Dantai Bidong Zong," is a branch of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen that emerged in Sichuan, and has been the main current of Daoism in th…
The Central Lineage of Internal Alchemy (Zhongpai) is an internal-alchemy school founded by the Yuan-dynasty Daoist Li Daochun, centered on the principle of “guarding the…
The Chongxuan (Twofold Mystery) school was not an organized religious community but a hermeneutical school and philosophical current within Sui-Tang Daoism devoted to int…
Bixia Yuanjun, popularly known as the Lady of Mount Tai or the Old Grandmother of Mount Tai, is the female deity with the greatest popular influence within the Daoist pan…
The Cult of Wenchang Dijun is the worship, within Daoism, of the deity who presides over civil office and emolument, formed by the merging of two strands: one is the loca…
Daoism in Southeast Asia arrived with waves of Chinese emigration from Fujian, Guangdong, Chaozhou, Hakka, and Hainan communities from the nineteenth century onward, taki…
Daoism in Taiwan is composed mainly of the system of married (huoju) Zhengyi Daoist priests brought by Hokkien and Cantonese emigrants during the Ming and Qing, and Taiwa…
The spread of Daoism in Europe and the Americas may be traced along two threads: the Daoism of Chinese immigrants and an indigenized Western Daoism. From the mid-nineteen…
Daoism in Hong Kong and Macau consists mainly of Daoist halls (daotan), temples, and married (huoju) Zhengyi Daoist priests who arrived from Guangdong from the late Qing …
The Eastern Lineage of Internal Alchemy (Dongpai) was founded by Lu Xixing (1520–1606?), a native of Xinghua in Jiangsu during the Ming dynasty, and takes its name from i…
Folk Daoist Ritual Traditions (Minjian Daofa, also called Fajiao or Shijiao in scholarship) is a collective term for the many ritual-master (fashi) systems that formed fr…
"Huang-Lao" refers to a system of thought and belief attributed to the Yellow Emperor and following the teaching of Laozi. In the Warring States period, scholars of the J…
The Hunyuan Lineage was a ritual tradition founded by Lei Shizhong at the end of the Southern Song and the beginning of the Yuan, a branch of the Correct Method of the Ce…
Xianxue (Immortality Studies) is a Daoist reform movement and school of Neidan research proposed by Chen Yingning during the Republican era, which held that the study of …
Jingming Daoism (Pure and Bright Daoism) is a Daoist order formed during the Song and Yuan at Xishan, Nanchang, Jiangxi, taking Xu Xun of the Eastern Jin as its patriarch…
The Jinshan Lineage is a branch that split off from the Quanzhen Longmen lineage in the Ming, centered on Mount Lao (Laoshan), named for its founding patriarch Sun Xuanqi…
The Longmen (Dragon Gate) Lineage is the most influential of the branches descending from the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, honoring Qiu Chuji as its patriarch, and takes …
Louguan Daoism was a Daoist tradition centered on the Louguan (Tower Belvedere) on Mount Zhongnan, active from the Northern and Southern Dynasties through the Sui and Tan…
The Lü Dongbin cult refers to the worship and ritual tradition centered on Lü Dongbin (given name Yan, courtesy name Dongbin, style Chunyangzi), the most widely dissemina…
The Lüshan (Mount Lü) Ritual Tradition is a popular tradition of Daoist ritual practice current in Fujian and the surrounding regions, in Taiwan, and among Fujianese comm…
Mazu worship is the most important cult of a seafarers' protective deity around the China seas; its relationship to Daoism is close but not fully coextensive, and this si…
The Meishan Ritual Tradition is a folk Daoist ritual tradition that originated in the ancient Meishan region of central Hunan (roughly today's Xinhua and Anhua), practice…
The Nanwu Lineage is the branch founded by Tan Chuduan, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Tan Chuduan, courtesy name Tongzheng, sobriquet Changzhen Zi, was a native…
Nanyue (Mount Heng) Daoism refers to the regional Daoist tradition formed around Mount Heng (Hengshan) in Hunan. Mount Heng is the Southern Peak among the Five Great Peak…
The Pu'an Ritual Tradition is a folk ritual tradition venerating the Southern Song eminent monk Patriarch Pu'an as its founding master; although it arose from Buddhism, i…
The Qingjing Lineage was founded by Sun Bu'er, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, and takes its name from her sobriquet 'Wanderer of Clarity and Stillness' (Qingjing…
The Qingwei School is a Thunder Rites Daoist tradition that arose at the end of the Southern Song and into the Yuan, fusing the talismanic methods of the Shangqing, Lingb…
Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) Daoism was founded by Wang Chongyang (1112–1170) of the Jin dynasty and, together with Zhengyi Daoism, forms one of the two main currents o…
Daoism was never transmitted to Japan as an organized religious order, but from ancient times its ideas, deities, and techniques were transmitted in great volume via the …
The spread of Daoism on the Korean peninsula began in the Three Kingdoms period. The Samguk sagi records that in the seventh year of the Wude reign of the Tang (624) Empe…
Vietnam has been under Daoist influence since the Han dynasty, when it belonged to Jiaozhi Commandery, and it is one of the regions within the Sinitic cultural sphere whe…
The Sanfeng Lineage is a Daoist tradition honoring Zhang Sanfeng as its founding patriarch, transmitted mainly at Mount Wudang. Zhang Sanfeng, given name Quanyi, also cal…
The Sannai (Three Ladies) Branch of Lüshan is a division of the Lüshan tradition whose patriarchs are the "Three Lady Sovereigns" — Chen Jinggu (Lady Chen), Lin Jiuniang …
The Sanyi Teaching is a religion founded by Lin Zhao'en of Putian, Fujian, in the Ming dynasty, teaching the unity of the Three Teachings; it does not itself belong to Da…
The Southern Celestial Masters refers to the branch of the Way of the Celestial Masters that developed in Jiangnan during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, usually …
Lingguan Fa refers to the system of ritual methods and liturgies centered on invoking the Daoist Dharma-protecting deity Wang Lingguan (also called Wang E or Wang Shan, a…
Wudang Daoism refers to the Daoist tradition centered on Mount Wudang in Hubei and on the cult of Zhenwu (the Dark Emperor of Heaven); historically it was not a single sc…
The Langmei (Elm-Plum) Lineage is one of the resident schools of the Wudang Mountains, taking its name from Wudang's native "langmei" fruit and from Li Suxi, a Daoist pri…
The Wudang Qingwei Lineage is a local branch that formed after the Qingwei Thunder Rites spread north to the Wudang Mountains. Its founder, Zhang Shouqing (1253–1336?), p…
The Xuanwu Lineage is a branch within the resident Daoist orders of the Wudang Mountains that possesses a complete generational-name genealogy; it takes its name from its…
The Xizhu Xinzong (Western India Mind Lineage) of Longmen is a branch of the Longmen lineage that emerged in the early Qing, named for its founding patriarch, the 'Jizu D…
The Yushan Lineage was founded by Wang Chuyi, one of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen, and takes its name from his long cultivation of the Dao at Mount Kunyu (Yushan) in S…
The Yuxian Lineage was founded by Ma Yu, foremost of the Seven Perfected of Quanzhen. Ma Yu was originally named Congyi, courtesy name Yifu; after entering the Dao he cha…
The A-Ma Temple is Macau's oldest surviving temple and the one whose original structures have stood the longest, dedicated primarily to Mazu (Tianhou). Its founding date …
The Asociación China de Mexicali was established in 1919, the core umbrella association of the local Chinese community, brought about through the joint effort of existing…
The Association Française Taoïste was founded in 2001 by Dr. Karine Martin (Daoist name Jingxiu), the leading Daoist organization in France. The Association has long enga…
Baiyun Mountain in Songxian lies in the heartland of the Funiu Mountains; its main peak, Yuhuang Summit, is the highest point of the Funiu range, with a Yuhuang Pavilion …
Baodu Fortress is a noted mountain on the western outskirts of Shijiazhuang, its summit broad and level; tradition holds it to be the site of Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin'…
Mexico City's Chinatown (Barrio Chino) is centered on Calle Dolores and covers only two blocks, far smaller in scale than Mexicali's La Chinesca; it took shape in the ear…
The Bendigo Joss House Temple opened in 1871, dedicated primarily to Guandi, regarded as a wise judge, guide, protector, and bringer of wealth. It was built of locally ha…
The Beuk Aie Temple was one of the largest Chinese temples in the interior Northwest. First built in 1870 at the corner of First Street and B Street, it moved to 513 C St…
Bixia Temple, atop Mount Tai, is the ancestral shrine for the worship of Bixia Yuanjun (popularly known as the Lady of Mount Tai or Old Granny of Mount Tai), and one of t…
Astoria lies at the mouth of the Columbia River; in the late nineteenth century the salmon canning industry drew a large number of Chinese laborers there, forming a water…
Boen Bio was founded in 1883 and relocated to its present site in 1907; it is the most important surviving Confucian temple in Indonesia and one of the central sites of I…
Boen San Bio is the second-oldest Chinese temple in Tangerang; temple tradition holds that it was founded around 1689, though this lacks independent documentary support. …
Boen Tek Bio (Hokkien pronunciation, meaning "Temple of Literature and Virtue") is the oldest Chinese temple in Tangerang. Its founding is generally given as 1684, and th…
This entry concerns the predecessor of the Bok Kai Temple. Marysville lies at the confluence of the Yuba and Feather Rivers; in the 1850s it was California's third-larges…
Bok Kai Temple is the only Chinese temple in the United States that has remained on its original site, was first built in the nineteenth century, and is still in use toda…
The Lung Kong Cun Sol (in Cuba, Casa Abuelo Lung Kong) is a clan federation uniting the four surnames Liu, Guan, Zhang, and Zhao, taking its meaning from the Peach Garden…
The Centre Guan Di at Terre-Sainte was completed in 2017 on the heights of Terre-Sainte in the town of Saint-Pierre, a recently built religious site of Réunion's Chinese …
In 1902 the Chee Kung Tong (Chinese Freemasons) of Boise completed a three-story brick building, with its second floor converted into a Guandi Temple, lavishly furnished …
The Wailuku Chee Kung Tong was built in 1904, one of the six original Chinese association halls on Maui. The lintel bears the inscription 'Chee Kung Tong Hall,' with 'Equ…
The Chee Ying Society is located in the sugarcane district of Honokaa on the north coast of the island of Hawaiʻi, and is a branch organization of the Pacific network of …
Cheng Hoon Teng was built in 1645, during the period of Dutch Malacca, and is the oldest Chinese temple still in operation in Malaysia. It is dedicated principally to Gua…
The Chi Sin Buddhist and Taoist Association is located on Powell Street in Chinatown, and like the Jeng Sen Buddhism and Taoism Association belongs to the category of ass…
The Chinatown of Port Louis was established by more than 3,000 immigrants who crossed the sea from Guangzhou between the 1780s and the early nineteenth century, and is on…
Fiji's Chinese population numbers about 7,500, some 1.2 percent of the national population; roughly eighty percent speak Cantonese as their mother tongue, with another si…
The Chinese Benevolent Association of Jamaica was founded in 1891 and is the core institution of Jamaica's Chinese community; it went on to establish a Chinese sanatorium…
The Chinese community of Madagascar numbers roughly 70,000 to 100,000 (2011 estimate), the third-largest Chinese community in Africa. The first documented Chinese immigra…
The Chinese Kali Temple stands beside Matheswartala Road in Tangra, dedicated chiefly to the Hindu goddess Kali and to Shiva, and is managed and maintained by the local C…
The Chinese Masonic Hall of Boise stood at the corner of Seventh Street and Front Street, with a temple inside the hall; its principal deity was a bronze image referred t…
Darwin's Chinese community was made up mostly of Cantonese laborers who came to work the goldfields and railway construction of the Northern Territory in the late ninetee…
The Croydon Chinese Temple, built around the 1880s, was the largest known early Chinese temple in Queensland; its main structure measured twenty-two meters by six meters,…
The Chinatown of Buenos Aires lies in the Belgrano district, extending some five blocks by two, and took shape mainly in the 1980s when immigrants from Taiwan, Hong Kong …
The Chong Wen Ge was built in 1849 beside the Thian Hock Keng and was one of the earliest institutions of Chinese-language education in Singapore, proposed for constructi…
Choong Yee Thong Church stands at 19 Meredith Street, established in 1920; the building originally housed a Chinese-language school, and a temple was later set up on its …
Choonghee Dong Thien Haue Church is located on the second floor of 32 Blackburn Lane, founded in 1858 by the Hakka community, dedicated principally to Tianhou (Tien Hou, …
Chow Sue Kong Shrine was founded in 1804 on the initiative of a wealthy merchant of the Su clan from Quanzhou, and is dedicated chiefly to Master Qingshui (清水祖师, the "Pat…
The Chung Wah Association of Western Australia was founded in 1909 and formally registered in 1910, the first ethnic community organization in Western Australia, establis…
Chunyang Palace in Taiyuan, popularly known as the Lüzu Temple, is dedicated to Lü Dongbin. It was first built in the Yuan dynasty (some say the Song), rebuilt in the 25t…
The City God Temple of Xi'an (Capital City God) was founded in the twentieth year of the Hongwu era of the Ming (1387). Since Xi'an prefecture was the fief of the Prince …
The Clan Jetties are a settlement of stilt houses along Weld Quay in Penang, built by same-surname lineages from Tong'an, Haicheng, and other parts of Fujian, each constr…
The DalongDong Baoan Temple was founded in the seventh year of the Qianlong era of Qing (1742) by immigrants from Tongan, Quanzhou; its cult derives from the Baijiao Ciji…
Dongmyo (Eastern Guan Yu Shrine, in full the Eastern Shrine to the King Guan) was begun in 1599 and completed in 1601; it enshrines Guan Yu as its principal deity (honore…
Dongyue Temple in Beijing was built by imperial decree by Zhang Liusun, Grand Patriarch of the Xuanjiao (Mysterious Teaching) of the Yuan, and his disciple Wu Quanjie; co…
Dongzhen Temple is located on Mount Wufeng in Changqing, Jinan. It was founded by the Quanzhen priest Qiu Zhiyuan during the Taihe reign of the Jin dynasty, granted the n…
Little Saigon in Orange County is the largest Vietnamese American community in the United States, a substantial part of which consists of ethnic Chinese (Minh Huong peopl…
Duqiao Mountain, also known as Nanshan, has Danxia landform terrain and is listed in Daoist texts as the twentieth of the Thirty-six Lesser Grotto-Heavens, the "Baoxuan G…
Donghua Miao (the Eastern Glory Temple) is the only nineteenth-century urban great temple in North America documented to have enshrined Xuantian Shangdi (Beidi, the North…
Eng Ann Teng, the Tua Pek Kong Temple in Sibu, stands on the bank of the Rajang River. According to the temple's own history it was first built in the 1850s, but the earl…
The cult of the 'Two Immortals' (Erxian) is widespread in the Shangdang region of southeastern Shanxi; tradition holds that the two daughters of the Yue family attained t…
The Federation of Taoist Associations Malaysia (commonly known as Dao Zong) was established in August 1997 as the national umbrella organization for Taoism in Malaysia, w…
Mount Mingshan in Fengdu, also called Mount Pingdu, is known in Daoism as the 'Blessed Land of Pingdu,' one of the Seventy-two Blessed Lands. Tradition holds that Yin Cha…
The Foshan Ancestral Temple was founded during the Yuanfeng era of the Northern Song, enshrining Zhenwu Xuantian Shangdi of the North (popularly called the Northern Emper…
The Fuk Tak Chi Temple (Temple of Prosperity and Virtue) was jointly founded by Cantonese and Hakka immigrants and is one of the earliest Chinese temples in Singapore. 'H…
The Fung Loy Kok Institute of Taoism was founded in Toronto in 1970 by Moy Lin-shin, together with its sister organization the International Taoist Tai Chi Society, formi…
Fuxing Temple stands atop Yuhuang Hill on the southern shore of West Lake; tradition holds that a king of Wuyue of the Five Dynasties built Ashoka Temple here; the Song c…
复真观俗称太子坡，依真武圣传而建：净乐国太子十五岁受紫气元君点化入武当修炼，最初居此山坡，故名「太子坡」；太子一度灰心下山，途中受「铁杵磨针」点化复回山修真，观因名「复真」。观依狮子峰陡坡而建，布局因山就势，以「一里四道门」「九曲黄河墙」（红色夹墙复道弯曲如波）、「一柱十二梁」（五云楼顶层一柱承十二梁枋）三大营造手法著称，是武当建筑群中将…
Gee Hing Church stands at 13 Black Burn Lane; its present building dates from 1920, though its origins are said by some to go back to 1888, and it is dedicated chiefly to…
The Gee How Oak Tin Association is a joint-surname kinship association of the Chen, Hu and Yuan surnames, whose guardian deity is Suijing Bo — originally named Chen Zhong…
The Gee How Oak Tin Family Association Shrine in Seattle was established in 1900 by immigrants of the Chan, Woo and Yuen surnames; a shrine was set up in the recessed bal…
The Giok Hong Tian, popularly known as the Jade Emperor's Altar (Tiangong Tan), is one of the few temples in Singapore whose principal deity is the Jade Emperor; accordin…
The Golden Dragon Museum opened in 1991 on the site of one of Bendigo's former Chinatowns (now known as Dai Gum San), and is the first accredited museum in Victoria. The …
Taihe Palace lies within the Purple Gold City on Tianzhu Peak and is the highest temple complex on Wudang Mountains. Its Golden Hall, built in the fourteenth year of the …
The Grand Mazu Temple, Tainan, formally titled the "Sacrificial Rites Grand Mazu Temple," occupies a building originally constructed in the nineteenth year of the Yongli …
The Kuala Lumpur Guandi Temple was founded in 1888 by the Kwong Siew Association on Jalan Tun H.S. Lee (formerly known by its Chinese name Xie Jie) and serves as the reli…
The cult of Guandi in the Chinese community of Peru exists in the form of an association altar: the Guandi (Kuan Kung) altar of Lima’s Chinatown is installed in the Lung …
The Hai Choo Soo Tua Pek Kong Temple stands on the Tanjung Tokong headland; “Hai Choo” is the old Southern Hokkien name for this locality. The Tua Pek Kong enshrined here…
The Han Jiang Ancestral Temple is the central ancestral hall and native-place association of Penang's Teochew community, completed in 1870 and one of the most representat…
The most important Daoist remains in Hebei are the Beiyue Temple at Quyang (Yuan dynasty), Wahuang Palace in Shexian, and the Daodejing Stele-Pillar at Longxing Temple in…
The Heng San Teng was built in 1828 as the earliest public-cemetery management body and cemetery-hill temple of Singapore's Hokkien community, its principal deity Tua Pek…
Ho Ann Kiong stands in the Chinatown of Kuala Terengganu (Kampung Cina) and is generally held to have been built about 1801, making it the oldest Chinese temple in the st…
Hok Tek Bio stands at the head of Jalan Suryakencana in Bogor, and is the core temple of Bogor's Chinese quarter. It is dedicated principally to Fude Zhengshen (Hok Tek T…
Hong San See was founded by immigrants from Nan’an in Fujian and is dedicated principally to Guangze Zunwang (Guo Shengwang), a native-place protector deity, a branch (fe…
Hong San Si Temple in Kuching was founded in the 1840s (generally given as 1848) by immigrants from Nan'an in Fujian, and is dedicated primarily to Guangze Zunwang (Lord …
The Hou Wang Temple, Atherton, was built in 1903, dedicated primarily to Hou Wang, and constructed of local cedar, black bean timber, and corrugated iron; it is one of th…
Hougang Tou Mu Kung's principal deities are the Nine Emperor Gods and Doumu Yuanjun, with Xuandi (Zhenwu), Guan Yu and Guanyin worshipped alongside them; it is Singapore'…
Houtu Shrine in Wanrong stands on the Fenyin Shui ('Water Bank') where the Fen River meets the Yellow River. In the fourth year of the Yuanding era of Emperor Wu of Han (…
Houtu Temple in Jiexiu is dedicated to 'Houtu, Empress of Earth, Who Carries Out the Mandate of Heaven and Embodies Its Law,' an important temple to Houtu, one of the Fou…
The Hsinchu City God Temple holds the highest rank among the City God temples of Taiwan. It was built on the memorial of Zeng Riying, sub-prefect of Danshui Sub-prefectur…
Hsing Tian Kong, Taipei, was founded by Daoist Master Xuankong (Huang Cong), a coal-mining proprietor, who established the "Xingtiantang" in 1943; it relocated and was re…
The Sheng-An Temple, located in Ji'an, Hualien, principally enshrines the Boundless Empyrean Heavenly Wangmu Niangniang (the Queen Mother of the West), and is the first t…
Daoism in western Hubei centers mainly on the City God temples and Xuanmiao Temple of the Yichang and Jingzhou area (the Xuanmiao Temple in Jingzhou is a Ming-dynasty str…
The Jeng Sen Buddhism and Taoism Association occupies the second floor of a building on Waverly Place (formerly called Tin How Temple Street) in Chinatown, and is one of …
净乐宫以真武故国「净乐国」命名，明永乐十六年（1418）建于均州城内，为武当九宫之首，占地约十二万平方米，规制仿紫禁城而略小，是朝武当进香古道的起点。1958 年丹江口水利枢纽动工，1967 年蓄水后均州古城连同净乐宫整体没入水底，仅抢运出赑屃驮御碑、石牌坊构件等八百余件文物；水下的均州古城今为水下考古对象。2000 年代丹江口市在金岗山…
The Jintai Temple stands on the southern slope of Lingyuan Mountain on the northern plateau of Baoji, where Zhang Sanfeng cultivated the Dao in the late Yuan and early Mi…
The Jiuxiao Wanfu Palace, popularly known as the Top Palace, stands atop Damao Peak, the highest peak of Mount Mao, and is the seat of the Maoshan Daoist Academy and the …
Johor Old Temple was built in the 1870s by Tan Hiok Nee, leader of the Yixing Company, and is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Johor Bahru. Within the temple, fiv…
Kelenteng Tiao Kak Sie stands in the old port district of Cirebon and is one of the oldest Chinese temples on the north coast of West Java; the temple’s own account of it…
The Kheng Chiu Tin Hou Kong is the religious and native-place organizational center for Singapore's Hainanese (Qiongzhou) immigrants, built around Beach Road in 1857 alon…
The Kian Tek Tong Tua Pek Kong Temple stands on Armenian Street (Bun Tau Kong Lane) in George Town and functions both as an urban branch shrine of the Tua Pek Kong Temple…
Kim Lan Beo Temple was built by the Hokkien community; its founding is dated variously to 1830 or 1839, making it one of the oldest surviving Chinese temples in Singapore…
Kim Tek Ie was originally named Kwan Im Teng (Guanyin Pavilion), built in 1650 under the auspices of a Chinese kapitan, and is the oldest surviving Chinese temple in Jaka…
Klenteng Ancol (the Tua Pek Kong Temple at Ancol) stands on the North Jakarta waterfront; temple tradition holds that it was founded in the mid-seventeenth century. Its m…
Klenteng Cu An Kiong is the oldest Chinese temple in the town of Lasem on the north coast of Java, generally traced back to the early eighteenth century or earlier. Lasem…
Klenteng Eng An Kiong was built in 1825 by Kwee Sam Hway, the Chinese Kapitan of Malang, and is the most important Chinese temple in Malang, East Java. It is dedicated ma…
Klenteng Gie Yong Bio was built in 1780 and is an extremely unusual temple in Indonesia — the object of its worship is not a traditional deity but the commanders of the c…
Klenteng Hok An Kiong is located in Surabaya's Chinatown and is dedicated mainly to Mazu, serving as the principal temple of Surabaya's Hokkien-descended Chinese communit…
Hong Tiek Hian is the oldest Chinese temple in Surabaya and stands within Chinatown. The temple’s own account and the local gazetteers trace it to the period when the Mon…
Kwan Tie Bio stands in the town center of Pontianak, capital of West Kalimantan Province, dedicated primarily to Guan Shengdijun (Lord Guan), and is the principal temple …
Ling Gwan Kiong, built in 1873, stands in the old harbor district of Singaraja in northern Bali, and is one of the most important Chinese temples on the island. During th…
Klenteng Poncowinatan (also known as Fuk Ling Miau, the "Temple of Blessed Numinosity") was built in 1881 on land granted by Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII of Yogyakarta, and …
Soei Goeat Kiong (Klenteng Chandra Nadi) stands on the south bank of the Musi River in Palembang; the temple's own history holds it was built in 1733, and it is generally…
The Tua Pek Kong Temple (formally Vihara/Klenteng Tri Dharma Bumi Raya), built in 1878, is the oldest Chinese temple and a city landmark of Singkawang. Ethnic Chinese mak…
Klenteng Xian Ma stands in the Chinese quarter of Makassar, capital of South Sulawesi Province, dedicated primarily to Tianshang Shengmu (Mazu), with Guanyin, Guandi and …
The Kobe Kanteibyo is administered by the General Incorporated Association Chinese Association (Chuka Kaikan), and is dedicated primarily to Guandi Shengjun, with Guanyin…
The Kong Chow Benevolent Association is a native-place association for immigrants from Xinhui, Guangdong (anciently called Kong Chow), founded in Los Angeles in 1889; a G…
Kong Chow Temple was founded in 1849, dedicated chiefly to Guandi, and is one of the earliest Chinese temples in the United States — its founding coincided almost exactly…
Kong Hock Keong, popularly known as the Goddess of Mercy Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Penang, built with joint funding from the Hokkien and Cantonese communiti…
Kong Ngie Tong Sang (廣義堂) is one of the principal Chinese community association halls in Suriname, located in the capital Paramaribo, with a Bak Mei (White Eyebrow) marti…
The Kwan Tai Shek Temple in Mumbai (locally known as Kwan Tai Shek, i.e., the Stone of Guandi or Shrine of Guandi) is located in the old Chinese quarter around Nawab Tank…
The Kwan Tee Pagoda of the Nam Shun Fooy Koon was built in 1895 within the grounds of the Nam Shun Fooy Koon (South Shun Benevolent Society), immediately adjacent to the …
The Kwan Tee Pagoda in Mauritius was built in 1842 by the first generation of Chinese immigrants, its principal deity Guandi (Kwan Tee) — venerated as god of wealth, of w…
The Kwock Hing Society (also given as Ket Hing Society) is the only Chinese association-hall temple on Maui still in use today. The society was founded in 1900 by seventy…
La Chinesca is the largest Chinatown in Mexico, located in Mexicali, the capital of Baja California. Chinese laborers first came to build the irrigation system of the Mex…
The Laojun Cave Temple stands on Nanshan in Chongqing, taking its name from the Laojun rock cave there; tradition holds that it already existed in the Tang, was rebuilt d…
The Lecheng Temple principally enshrines Tianshang Shengmu (Mazu); the Mazu it venerates is popularly known as the 'Hanxi Mazu,' and the temple is one of the 'Four Great …
Leng Buai Ia Shrine was founded by Teochew merchants in the old market (Talat Kao) of Bangkok's Chinatown, and is one of the oldest surviving Chinese temples in Bangkok. …
Fresno's Liesheng Gong is a two-story brick temple built with funds raised by the Chee Kung Tong in the early 1880s; the ground floor served as an assembly hall, the uppe…
Lin Fung Temple is one of the 'Three Ancient Temples of Macau' (together with A-Ma Temple and Kun Iam Tong), though accounts of its founding date differ: Wikipedia and si…
Cooktown was the gateway port of the Palmer River goldfield in the nineteenth century; in the 1870s tens of thousands of Chinese miners landed there, and it was for a tim…
The Innisfail Lit Sung Goong ("Lit Sung" meaning "the assembled gods") stands in the sugar-cane and banana district of North Queensland; around 1883 more than half the po…
Lit Sung Goong in Rockhampton was a temple of the central Queensland Chinese community, its principal deity Guandi. Its significance lies in the rare, continuous record o…
The Longmu Ancestral Temple at Yuecheng is the ancestral temple of the cult of the Dragon Mother (Longmu) along the West River. Tradition holds that a shrine was establis…
The Longquan Temple is located at Black Dragon Pool on the northern outskirts of Kunming. Tradition holds that a Heishui (Black Water) Shrine to the dragon spirit already…
Lorong Koo Chye Sheng Hong Temple's principal deity is the City God Qingxi Xianyou Bozhu (the City God of Anxi). In 1918, the abbot of the City God Temple of Anxi brought…
Loyang Tua Pek Kong Temple originated in the early 1980s, when several anglers discovered scattered Daoist, Buddhist and Hindu deity statues on a beach at the end of the …
The Lum Sai Ho Tong Tin Hau Temple was founded in 1889 by the Lum (also romanized Lim, Lam, Lem, or Lin) clan association of Honolulu as a mutual-aid society, its members…
The Lung Kong Kung Shaw is a joint-lineage organization of the four surnames Liu, Guan, Zhang and Zhao, its religious basis lying in the narratives of the Oath of the Pea…
Ma-Cho Temple is the largest Mazu temple in the Philippines, dedicated chiefly to Mazu (Lin Moniang), and also enshrining the Earth God (Tudi) and Guanyin. Its foundation…
The Ma-Tsu Temple of U.S.A. was founded in 1986 on the initiative of Gao Jiade (also known by the sobriquet Yisheng) of the Taiwanese community in San Francisco, together…
The Man Mo Temple in Sheung Wan was completed around 1847–1862, funded and organized by Chinese merchants Lu Yagui, Tan Yacai, and others, and is dedicated primarily to W…
The Meizhou Mazu Ancestral Temple is the site of origin for the cult of Mazu (Lin Mo); after Lin Mo underwent Feathered Transformation in the fourth year of the Yongxi er…
Melbourne's Chinatown on Little Bourke Street took shape during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s and is one of the longest continuously existing Chinese quarters in t…
The Bixia Yuanjun Temple on Miaofeng Mountain was the most heavily worshipped Bixia Yuanjun temple in the Beijing region during the Ming and Qing, popularly known as the …
The Miaoli Yuqing Temple principally enshrines the Three Benefactor Lords (Guandi, Fuyou Dijun, and Siming Zhenjun), and belongs to the luantang tradition. It was founded…
The Min Chih Tang (Chee Kung Tong) of Havana was founded by Chinese immigrants in Cuba in early 1887; the organization's roots trace back to the anti-Qing secret-society …
The White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) in Beijing is the ancestral seat of the Quanzhen Longmen lineage and also the headquarters of the Chinese Taoist Association; its mos…
The Minglun Sansheng Temple principally enshrines Guandi, who together with Fuyou Dijun and Jiutian Siming Zhenjun is known as the Three Sage Benefactor Lords. Its predec…
Mount Emei is today counted among the Four Great Buddhist Mountains of China, but from the Han–Wei period through the Tang it was chiefly a center of Daoism. The Baopuzi …
Mount Heng is the Southern Peak, its ridges extending across seventy-two summits; Buddhism and Daoism coexist there, and it is honored by all Three Teachings, earning it …
Mount Kongtong is a famous mountain in eastern Gansu; tradition holds that the Yellow Emperor ascended it in the west to ask about the Dao from Guang Chengzi (as recorded…
Mount Mao was anciently called Mount Gouqu; tradition holds that the three Mao brothers — Mao Ying, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong — of the Western Han cultivated the Dao here, giv…
Mount Qian, anciently called the "Mountain of a Thousand Lotus Blossoms," is a site where Buddhism and Daoism coexist, and an important center of Daoism in Northeast Chin…
Mount Qingcheng is one of the birthplaces of Daoism. Tradition holds that Zhang Daoling built a thatched hermitage here in his later years, taught the Dao, and ascended t…
Mount Qiyun, anciently called Mount Baiyue, is a famous Daoist mountain of the Huizhou region; like Mount Wudang it venerates the Great Emperor Zhenwu, and is known as 't…
Mount Song is the Central Peak, made up of Mount Taishi and Mount Shaoshi, situated at the "Center of Heaven and Earth," and a major site of imperial sacrifice and of bot…
Mount Tiantai is a famous mountain of both Buddhism and Daoism: Guoqing Temple, the ancestral court of the Buddhist Tiantai school, and the Daoist Tongbai Palace stand wi…
Mount Yunmeng lies in the western part of Qi County and is traditionally held to be the place where Guiguzi (Wang Xu), the Warring States strategist of the School of Dipl…
Mount Mulan is traditionally held to be the homeland of Hua Mulan; a temple to General Mulan was built there in the Tang dynasty, and in the Ming dynasty Daoism flourishe…
Nam Soon Church is located at 13 Damzen Lane, founded around 1820, and is said by some to be the oldest surviving Chinese temple in Kolkata. It was established by immigra…
Nam Thean Tong is one of the earliest limestone-cave temples developed in Ipoh; according to the temple's own history it was built in 1867, developed by a Daoist priest, …
Nan Hua Temple was built in South Africa by Taiwan's Fo Guang Shan order, located in Bronkhorstspruit, about an hour's drive northeast of Johannesburg; it is the largest …
Nan Tian Gong, Ampang, is one of the largest and most active Nine Emperor Gods temples in Malaysia, generally traced to a temple founded by Chinese tin-mining laborers in…
The Nankunshen Daitian Temple principally enshrines the Five Lords of the Li, Chi, Wu, Zhu, and Fan surnames (the Wangye, or "Royal Lords"), popularly honored as the "Kin…
Nanyan Palace, also known as Tianyi Zhenqing Gong, had its stone hall built under the direction of the eminent Wudang Daoist Zhang Shouqing in the seventh year of the Dad…
Nanyue Great Temple is the state sacrificial temple dedicated to the Sovereign Who Governs Heaven and Manifests Sagehood of the Southern Peak (the Sage Emperor of the Sou…
磨针井是「铁杵磨成针」传说的武当版本圣迹：真武圣传谓净乐国太子修道意怠欲下山，行至此处遇紫气元君化身老妪于井边磨铁杵，问之，答曰「磨针」，太子悟「功到自然成」之理，遂回山复修，终成大道。此传说出自《玄天上帝启圣录》圣传系统（另一版本附会李白）。武当道门又以此地每日最先承接纯阳之气，故名纯阳宫。现存建筑为清咸丰间重建的小型院落，殿前有姥姆亭…
Ng Shing Gung was built in 1888 in Heinlenville, San Jose's fifth Chinatown — after the Market Street Chinatown burned down in 1887, the German immigrant John Heinlen lea…
Ngoc Son Temple stands on Jade Island in Hoan Kiem Lake, connected to the shore by the vermilion wooden Huc Bridge (The Huc); its predecessor was a shrine of the Tran dyn…
North Wudang Mountain was anciently called Longwang Mountain (Dragon King Mountain); a Zhenwu shrine already existed there in the Tang dynasty, and in the Ming dynasty a …
Num Pon Soon was a society hall established in Melbourne by fellow-provincials from the three counties of Nanhai, Panyu, and Shunde, its premises located at the heart of …
Old Chinatown in Kolkata is located around the Tiretta Bazar area of central Kolkata, the oldest and most temple-dense Chinese quarter in South Asia. Chinese began settli…
The Oroville Chinese Temple, built in 1863, is a temple of popular religion in which many deities are enshrined together. The surviving brick structure is the third templ…
The Pagode Guan Di in Saint-Pierre was completed in 1920; its predecessor was a meeting hall established by Hakka immigrants from Meixian in the 1920s — these Hakka immig…
The Palmer River goldfield was the largest alluvial goldfield in Australia; in the 1870s Chinese miners poured in by the tens of thousands and at one point made up the gr…
The Pao Ong Hu temple in the Santa Ana district of Manila was consecrated in 1951 (though a dedication is also recorded within the temple for 1928); it is dedicated chief…
The rooftop temple of Pei May School stands on Ishwar Mondal Lane in the new Chinatown of Tangra, established in 1929 and dedicated chiefly to Guandi and the God of Wealt…
The Penghu Tianhou Temple is the oldest surviving temple in the Taiwan-Penghu region, principally enshrining Tianshang Shengmu (Mazu). Its date of founding is unknown; du…
Phuc Kien Assembly Hall in Hoi An is the largest and earliest Chinese assembly hall in the city; its predecessor was a thatched-roof "Kim Son Tu" (Gold Mountain Temple), …
Poh San Teng Temple was built in 1795, its construction proposed by Chua Su Cheong, the Malacca Chinese Kapitan appointed by the Dutch authorities that same year, and sta…
Pung Thao Kong Shrine was founded in 1876, is the oldest surviving Chinese temple in Chiang Mai, and is the central landmark of Chiang Mai's Chinatown, around the Warorot…
Qinci Yangdian, popularly known as the Dongyue Xinggong (Traveling Palace of the Eastern Peak), is the largest Daoist temple in the Pudong area. Tradition dates its found…
Qionghua Temple was originally named Fanli Temple; tradition holds that a Houtu Shrine was built here in the second year of the Yuanyan era of Emperor Cheng of the Wester…
Quan Thanh Temple (the Zhenwu Shrine) is the Daoist temple guarding the northern quarter among the "Four Sacred Guardians of Thang Long" in Hanoi; tradition holds that it…
Quang Trieu Assembly Hall in Hoi An was built in 1885 by overseas Chinese from Guangzhou and Zhaoqing prefectures, and stands on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An's "heritage str…
Ravenswood was a gold-mining and ore-processing town in late-nineteenth-century North Queensland, where Chinese miners and market gardeners settled and built a temple. Th…
The Sacrificial Rites Martial Temple, Tainan was built by Zheng Jing of the Ming loyalist Zheng regime; the mainstream account gives its founding year as the nineteenth y…
Sam Poo Kong (called the Sam Poo Temple by the Chinese) is located in Semarang, Central Java, and is traditionally said to be the site where Zheng He's Ming-dynasty treas…
Sam Sing Kung Temple was built in 1887 and is one of the oldest surviving Chinese temples in Sabah, located in the town of Sandakan. The "Three Saints" refers to Guan She…
The Tanao Road temple of the Supreme Emperor of the Dark Heaven, popularly called the “Tiger God Shrine” (Thai: San Chaopho Suea), was founded in 1834, in the reign of Ra…
San Qing Gong was completed in March 2003; its principal deities are the Three Pure Ones, enshrined in the Daluotian Sanqing Hall, alongside a Hall of the Three Patriarch…
Sanching Temple is located at the foot of the hills beside Meihua Lake in Dongshan Township, Yilan County, and is dedicated primarily to the Three Pure Ones (the Celestia…
Xianse Gong, commonly known as the Sanchong Wugu Wang Temple ("Five Grains King Temple"), is dedicated primarily to Shennong Dadi (the August Deity of the Five Grains). T…
Sea Ip Church is located at 22/1 Chattawala Lane, facing the main street of Tiretta Bazar; the present building dates from 1905, though its origins are placed either in 1…
Sea Voi Yune Leong Futh Church stands at 17 Black Burn Lane, founded in 1908 by immigrants from Xinhui (Se-Wui) in Guangdong; the building is a red, circular structure, a…
The See Yup Temple, Melbourne, was first built as a wooden structure in 1856 and rebuilt as a permanent building in 1866 to a design by the architect George Wharton; it i…
Sekizan Zen-in is traditionally said to have been completed in the fourth year of the Ninna era (888) in accordance with the dying instructions of Jikaku Daishi Ennin (th…
Shanghai City God Temple is the most important Zhengyi-order temple and center of urban cult in Shanghai. During the Yongle reign of the Ming, the county magistrate Zhang…
The Shanghai Taoist College is located within the Dongyue Temple in Songjiang, founded by the Shanghai Taoist Association to train Zhengyi Daoist priests, drawing student…
Daoism in northern Shanxi centers on Mount Heng (the Northern Peak); within the city of Datong, the Chunyang Palace (Ming–Qing) and the Guandi Temple (with a Yuan-dynasty…
The Shing Yin Temple is located at 82/1B, Tangra; the building is relatively new and the site is Buddhist, chiefly venerating the Buddha, open daily for one hour each in …
The Siang Ti Temple is located on Jalan Carpenter in Kuching's old town, and is dedicated primarily to Xuantian Shangdi (Zhenwu, the Perfected Warrior, also called Shangd…
Siew San Teng, the Tua Pek Kong Temple in Kuching, stands on the bank of the Sarawak River. According to the temple's own history it was built in 1770, and it is generall…
The Wong Tai Sin Temple is the most actively worshipped Daoist temple in Hong Kong, administered by the charitable organization Sik Sik Yuen. Wong Tai Sin is Huang Chupin…
Sin Sze Si Ya Temple was founded in 1864 by the Kuala Lumpur Chinese Kapitan Yap Ah Loy, and is the oldest surviving Chinese temple in Kuala Lumpur. Its enshrined deities…
Penang's Snake Temple was built in 1805 and is dedicated mainly to Chor Soo Kong (Qingshui Zushi), an eminent Song-dynasty monk of Anxi, Quanzhou, and the ancestral-homel…
The Sociedad Religiosa y de Beneficencia Yan Wo is located on Calle Carlos A. Mendoza in Panama City's Chinatown. Its principal deity is Guandi (known locally as Kuan Kun…
Sofuku-ji was founded in 1629 by the Fuzhou-born monk Chaoran (Chōnen), and is an Ōbaku-sect Buddhist temple whose principal image is Sakyamuni; together with Kōfuku-ji a…
The Songshan Cihui Temple, Taipei, principally enshrines the Ultimateless Queen Mother of the West of the Jasper Pool, Great Celestial Worthy, whom devotees honor as the …
The Sze Yup Temple, Sydney, had its main hall completed in 1898, with the east and west halls added in 1904; it was founded by Sze Yup (Siyi) immigrants from Guangdong an…
The Taiqing Palace in Hohhot is the principal Quanzhen Daoist temple in Inner Mongolia. In the Qing dynasty, temples (originally named the Lüzu Temple and others) were bu…
The Taiqing Palace in Shenyang is the birthplace and ancestral court of the Longmen Lineage of Quanzhen in Northeast China. In the second year of the Kangxi reign of the …
Taiwan's First Temple of Heaven, commonly called Tiangong Temple, is dedicated primarily to the Jade Emperor, with the Three Pure Ones and the Three Officials worshipped …
The Taiwanfu City God Temple was built in the twenty-third year of Yongli of the Ming (1669), originally named the Chengtianfu City God Temple, and is Taiwan's earliest o…
The Tam Kung Temple in Coloane (popularly known simply as the Tam Kung Temple) was built in the first year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing (1862), funded by the fisherme…
The Taoism Society of the Republic of China is a cross-denominational, nationwide Daoist organization in Taiwan. It petitioned the competent authorities for organization …
The Taoist College (Singapore) was approved for establishment by the Registrar of Societies in January 2008, and is Singapore's first formal institution of Daoist educati…
The Taoist Temple, Hanford, was built in 1893 and is dedicated principally to Guandi; it stands on China Alley in Hanford, in the Central Valley. After a fire destroyed t…
Tay Kak Sie Temple was built in 1746 on Gang Lombok lane in the Chinatown of Semarang, and is one of the largest and most actively worshipped Chinese temples in Central J…
The Guandi Temple (Kanti, the Hakka pronunciation of Guandi) is the only Chinese temple on the island of Tahiti and stands in the Mamao district of Papeete. It is recorde…
The Temple of Kwan Tai, Mendocino, was built around the mid-1850s (accounts of the founding year vary among 1852, 1854, and 1867; the earliest documentary record dates fr…
The Holy Triad Temple (known to the Chinese as Sarm Sung Goon, and to Westerners as the Breakfast Creek Joss House) was built jointly in 1885–1886 by five major Cantonese…
The Tenson-byo and Tenpi-gu in Naha are administered by the Kume Sosei-kai, a general incorporated association, and are the wellspring of Daoist belief in Okinawa. From t…
The Bun Thau Kong Temple was founded in 1999 by Houston's Teochew Chinese community, whose core membership consists of Teochew people who, after the 1970s, immigrated a s…
The Yuen Yuen Institute, in full the "Special-Grade Heavenly Altar of the Perfected Way of Roundness and Mystery, Enrolled by the Nine Heavens," was proposed for construc…
Thean Hou Temple was built under the auspices of the Selangor and Federal Territory Hainan Association, funded by contributions of about seven million ringgit from Malays…
Then Sze Koon, Seremban, is a temple in Negeri Sembilan with Zhang Tianshi (Zhang Daoling, the founding Celestial Master of Zhengyi) as its principal deity, a relatively …
Thian Hock Keng is dedicated mainly to Mazu, the Empress of Heaven, with Guanyin worshipped in the rear hall, and is the oldest and most important Hokkien temple in Singa…
Thien Hau Temple in Los Angeles is dedicated chiefly to Mazu, with Guan Yu and the Earth God (Tudi, Fude Zhengshen) also enshrined, and is operated by the Camau Associati…
Penang's Thni Kong Tnua (Jade Emperor's Pavilion) was completed in 1869, built by the Hokkien community of Penang during the 1860s, and dedicated mainly to the Jade Emper…
Tianhou Palace in Tianjin, popularly known as Niangniang Gong, was built in the third year of the Taiding era of the Yuan (1326) to worship the sea goddess Tianfei (Mazu)…
Tianshi Cave, the ancient Changdao Temple, is the principal and largest Daoist temple on Mount Qingcheng; tradition holds that Zhang Daoling once preached the Dao within …
Tien Kok Sie Temple was built in 1745, the same year the Surakarta royal court (Keraton Surakarta) was relocated and rebuilt from Kartasura, and stands beside the Great M…
The Tin Hao Pagoda was built in 1896 within the compound of the Nam Shun Fooy Koon in Port Louis, standing alongside the Kwan Tee Pagoda on the same site, together formin…
Tin How Temple in San Francisco was founded around 1852–1853, dedicated chiefly to Mazu (Tin Hau, "Empress of Heaven"), and is one of the oldest continuously operating Ch…
Toa Se Bio (generally named after its Hokkien pronunciation) stands in the Glodok Chinatown of Jakarta, not far from Kim Tek Ie, and is dedicated principally to Xuanwu (H…
The Tojin Yashiki was the settlement for Qing-dynasty Chinese merchants in Nagasaki during the period of national seclusion (sakoku) from 1689 onward; its group of shrine…
The Tong Wo Society is the first Chinese association hall on the island of Hawaiʻi, with land purchased in 1883, construction begun in 1884, and completion in 1886; its f…
Toong On Church is located at 22 Blackburn Lane, founded in 1924 by laborers who had immigrated from Guangdong and worked at a sugar refinery in Kolkata, dedicated princi…
Tow Boo Keong in Penang is principally dedicated to Doumu Yuanjun (the Dipper Mother) and the Nine Emperor Gods, and is a major center of the Nine Emperor Gods cult in no…
On the rue Sainte-Anne in Saint-Denis, the capital of Réunion, three Chinese temples stand side by side, all dedicated to Guandi — venerated as god of loyalty, righteousn…
The Tua Pek Kong Temple in Bintulu stands in the old town at the mouth of the Bintulu River, and is the principal temple of the local Chinese community, dedicated primari…
The Tua Pek Kong Temple in Miri stands in the old Chinatown quarter of Miri, and is generally traced to around 1913. Miri saw Sarawak's first oil well come into productio…
The Tulou Temple, popularly known as the North Mountain Temple or Beichan Temple, stands on the cliffs of North Mountain in Xining. Caves were first carved into the cliff…
Tung Sen Tan was founded in 1938 in Central, Hong Kong Island, belonging to the Quanzhen cult of Patriarch Lü, one of the many Quanzhen Daoist halls established in Hong K…
Vihara Gunung Timur (whose Indonesian name means 'Eastern Mountain Temple,' corresponding to the Chinese 'Dongyue,' the Eastern Peak) is the largest Chinese Daoist temple…
Vihara Satya Budhi (Klenteng Hiap Thian Kiong) was built in 1885, and is Bandung's oldest and largest Chinese temple. Its name "Xietian" (Hiap Thian) derives from Lord Gu…
Wahuang Palace is dedicated to Nüwa, the goddess of creation, and is the largest architectural complex in China dedicated to her worship. During the reign of Emperor Wenx…
Wanshou Palace of Xishan is the ancestral court of Jingming Zhongxiao Daoism, dedicated to the eminent Jin-dynasty priest Xu Xun (Perfected Lord Xu). Tradition holds that…
The main shrine is dedicated to "Zhenwu, Emperor of the Dark Heaven Who Quells the Heavens at the North Pole" (北极镇天真武玄天上帝, Beiji Zhentian Zhenwu Xuantian Shangdi, known a…
The Wellington Chee Kung Tong (English name: Wellington Chinese Masonic Society) was established in 1907 as a branch in New Zealand of the Hung League, which originated i…
White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) is one of the Three Great Ancestral Courts of Quanzhen Daoism and the ancestral court of the Longmen Lineage, and is also the seat of the…
The White Cloud Temple, Jiaxian, stands on Baiyun Mountain on the western bank of the Yellow River. It was founded in the thirty-third year of the Wanli era of the Ming (…
The Wo Hing Society was founded by Chinese laborers of the Lahaina sugarcane plantations, the association organized around 1909, belonging to the Chee Kung Tong branch of…
The Wong Tai Sin Temple in San Francisco is located on Sixth Avenue in the Inner Richmond District, a secondary area of Chinese settlement, rather than in the core of Chi…
Wudang Mountains, anciently called Mount Taihe, is the sacred site of Zhenwu (the Perfected Warrior, Xuandi), and is listed as the ninth of the Seventy-two Blessed Lands,…
The Wudang Museum, located in the Wudang Mountains Scenic Area in Hubei, is devoted to Wudang Daoism and the cult of Zhenwu. Since the Tang and Song, the Wudang Mountains…
The Wudao City God Temple is one of the principal centers of belief in the Kinmen region, principally enshrining the City God (imperially titled Earl of Manifest Protecti…
五龙宫是武当山建庙之始。唐贞观年间均州大旱，太守姚简奉旨祈雨，传「见五龙从空飞降」而雨至，太宗敕建五龙祠——此为武当山第一座敕建祠庙。宋元屡经升格，元代与紫霄、南岩同为武当核心宫观；南宋孙寂然于此创五龙法派，元初汪真常、鲁大宥重兴，张守清即出自五龙一系。明永乐十年重建为「兴圣五龙宫」，鼎盛时殿宇八百五十间（据明代山志），后世渐圮，现存宫门…
Wun Chuen Sin Koon traces its origin to the Wun Chuen Sin Koon at Baiyun Cave, Mount Xiqiao, Nanhai, Guangdong (built in the twenty-seventh year of the Daoguang era of th…
The Xianren Cave is located on a cliff on the eastern hill of Guiyang. Tradition holds that Zhang Sanfeng practiced cultivation in the cave during the Ming dynasty, and a…
The Xingji Temple, Tainan, popularly known as the "Upper Dadaogong Temple," was built in the thirty-third year of the Yongli era of Ming (1679) by officers and soldiers o…
Heavenly Lake in the Tianshan Mountains has come to be identified in later tradition with the 'Turquoise Pond' where King Mu of Zhou met the Queen Mother of the West in t…
The Xuan Wu San Temple in Los Angeles is located on Broadway at the northern end of New Chinatown; its name is taken from the Yuanshan Temple on Xuanwu Mountain at Jieshi…
The Xuandi Temple stands on Xuantian Ridge in Jilin City. Built in the third year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing (1738), it enshrines the Great Emperor Zhenwu (Xuantia…
Chap Teik Tong Yap Kongsi is the ancestral hall of the Yap lineage in Penang; the building standing today was completed in 1924 and stands on Armenian Street, in the same…
Yasaka Koshindo, formally named Kongoji Koshindo, is traditionally said to have been founded in 960 by the Tendai monk Jozokii; together with Shitennoji Koshindo in Osaka…
The Yicheng Tang Guandi Temple principally enshrines Guandi (Emperor Guan); at its founding it venerated the Three Sage Benefactor Lords, and it belongs to the Rujiao She…
The Yiu Ming Temple was built between 1908 and 1909, with interior fitting-out completed only in 1917; it was founded by immigrants from the counties of Gaoyao and Gaomin…
The Yokohama Kanteibyo is the most famous Chinese temple in Japan. In 1862, Chinese merchants living in Japan enshrined a wooden statue of Guandi in a small shrine, and i…
The Yokohama Masobyo opened on 17 March 2006, dedicated primarily to Tianhou Shengmu, Mazu (Lin Moniang), and was built to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the openin…
Yueh Hai Ching Temple is the oldest Teochew temple in Singapore; when first built in 1820 it was merely an attap-roofed wooden hut, was rebuilt between 1852 and 1855, and…
The Yuhuang Pavilion, Yinchuan, is a Ming-dynasty raised terrace-pavilion dedicated to the Jade Emperor, rebuilt after the magnitude-eight Pingluo–Yinchuan earthquake of …
Yuhuangding was originally named Yuhuang Ding ('Jade Emperor Summit'), taking its name from the Jade Emperor Temple built atop the hill in the Yuan dynasty; it was repeat…
The Pak Tai Temple in Wan Chai, formally named Yuk Hui Kung, was begun in 1862 and completed in 1863, built with funds raised by the residents of Wan Chai, and is dedicat…
Tiecha Mountain is the birthplace of Daoism in the Northeast. In the third year of the Chongzhen reign of the Ming (1630), the Quanzhen Longmen priest Guo Shouzhen came h…
Yunlu Palace stands atop Yunlu Peak, the highest point of Yuelu Mountain; it was built in the 14th year of the Chenghua era of the Ming (1478) by Zhu Jianjun, Prince Ji J…
Yuntai Mountain in Xiuwu, Henan, is known for its Taihang landscape of streams and cliffs and as the retreat of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove," and it was also a s…
The Yuntai Temple is located on Yuntai Mountain in Santai County, Mianyang. Founded in the third year of the Jiading era of the Southern Song (1210), it echoed the Wudang…
The Yuquan Temple, Tianshui, stands at the foot of Tianjing Mountain north of the city; it was built under the direction of the Quanzhen priest Liang Zhitong in the third…
Yuxu Palace, in full ‘Xuantian Yuxu Gong,’ was built in the eleventh year of the Yongle reign of the Ming (1413) at the northern foot of Wudang Mountains. It was the larg…
The Zhenqing Temple is the largest and oldest surviving Daoist temple in Kunming. In the Yuan dynasty it was a Zhenwu shrine; in the early Ming, the eminent priest Liu Yu…
Zixiao Palace is one of the best-preserved and largest temple complexes on Wudang Mountains. Set against Zhanqi Peak, it was first built in the first year of the Xuanhe e…
The birth-star or Lord of the birth-year determined by a person's birth-year stem and branch, held in Daoism to govern one's fate for life. Each of the Seven Stars of the…
The god who guards a city and administers judicial affairs in the realm of the dead, the role usually held by a deceased loyal and virtuous official. From the Tang and So…
A divinatory art that calculates auspicious and inauspicious days for weddings, breaking ground, and burials by means of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches and vario…
The birthdays of the gods, such as the Jade Emperor's birthday on the ninth day of the first month, Laojun's birthday on the fifteenth of the second month, Zhenwu's birth…
The gods who guard the household gate and ward off evil, originally Shentu and Yulü, replaced from the Tang onward mostly by Qin Shubao and Yuchi Gong. New Year woodblock…
The grassroots earth deity who guards a locality, the 'Correct God of Blessing and Virtue,' depicted as a white-bearded old man; he is the deity in the Daoist pantheon cl…
The Empress of Earth Who Embodies Heaven, Emulates Its Virtue, and Manifests Great Brightness, one of the Four Sovereigns, who rules over mountains, rivers, and land, and…
The art of geomancy (kanyu), which determines the orientation of dwellings and graves according to Yin and Yang, the Five Phases, the Eight Trigrams, and the configuratio…
Four great emperors who assist the Three Pure Ones in governing Heaven and Earth: the Jade Emperor; the Great Emperor of Purple Tenuity of the Central Heaven and North Po…
The deity who presides over wealth. The Civil God of Wealth usually refers to Bi Gan or Fan Li, while the Martial God of Wealth is Zhao Gongming (Perfected Lord of the My…
The deification of Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms period. From the Song onward Daoism enfeoffed him as 'Perfected Lord Chongning'; Emperor Shenzong of Ming granted him the…
The practice of suppressing inauspicious influences in a dwelling and safeguarding the household's peace by means of talismans and registers, mirrors, bagua plaques, Shi …
The lord of the heavens who oversees the Three Realms, the ten directions, and the four modes of birth and six paths of rebirth. Emperor Zhenzong of Song honored him as t…
The claim that after Laozi passed west through the Hangu Pass he traveled to India and became the Buddha to teach the western barbarians, making Buddhism a branch of Daoi…
Lin Mo, the sea goddess Tianhou (Heavenly Empress), a native of Meizhou in Fujian in the Northern Song, granted successive titles of Tianfei (Heavenly Consort) and Tianho…
Popular religious texts that propagate the doctrine of retribution and exhort people to do good, with the Treatise of the Most High on Action and Response, the Tract on H…
Lü Dongbin, styled Chunyangzi, a late-Tang Daoist priest, one of the Eight Immortals, and patriarch of the Zhong–Lü Internal Alchemy Tradition; Quanzhen venerates him as …
The practice of believers travelling to famous Daoist mountains and temples such as Wudang, Mount Tai and Miaofeng Mountain to burn incense and fulfil vows. Pilgrimage as…
Religious practice in Chinese society centred on the worship of local deities, ancestor veneration, and seasonal festivals. It is closely tied to Daoism: Daoist priests p…
A collective term, coined after the 1950s, for traditional mind-body practices such as Daoyin, Ingesting Qi (Fuqi), and Internal Alchemy (Neidan). During the "qigong feve…
A Daoist lineage founded by Wang Chongyang in the Jin dynasty, advocating the unity of the Three Teachings and the joint cultivation of Nature and Life (xingming shuangxi…
Written by the Western Jin Daoist priest Wang Fu and later expanded to ten scrolls, it relates how Laozi traveled west and converted the barbarians, becoming the Buddha. …
Observed on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the day on which the Official of Heaven bestows blessings. From the Tang dynasty onward it has been celebrated wit…
An expanded version of the Four Sovereigns: besides the Jade Emperor, the Great Emperor of Purple Tenuity, the Great Emperor of Curved Array, and the Empress of Earth, it…
A method of divination and revelation in which a planchette writes on a tray of sand to invite a deity's descent; already flourishing in the Song dynasty, a great many Da…
An internal martial art guided by the theory of Taiji and Yin-Yang, traditionally attributed to Zhang Sanfeng of Wudang, though it actually took shape in places such as C…
A hypothetical stellar deity corresponding to the movement of Jupiter (the Year Star), governing the fortune and misfortune of each year. Daoism assigns a Lord of Taisui …
Water into which a burnt talisman has been mixed, or water empowered by talismanic incantation, drunk or sprinkled to cure illness and expel evil. The Way of Great Peace …
Markets and deity-entertainment festivities held at temples on a god's birthday or festival day, such as the Yanjiu Festival (Qiu Chuji's birthday) at White Cloud Temple,…
Shangyuan (the fifteenth of the first month), Zhongyuan (the fifteenth of the seventh month), and Xiayuan (the fifteenth of the tenth month), the days on which the Offici…
Xuanwu (Black Tortoise), the tortoise-and-serpent deity of the north among the Four Symbols, presiding over water, the northern direction and winter. From the Song onward…
The birthday of Qiu Chuji on the nineteenth day of the first month, marked by a grand temple fair at White Cloud Temple, Beijing. According to tradition, immortals take o…
Perfected Lord of the Mysterious Altar, originally recorded as a plague deity as early as the Jin dynasty; in Song and Yuan Daoist scriptures he is a marshal of the Thund…
Emperor Xuanwu, the northern god of water; the name was changed to Zhenwu under a naming taboo of the Song. Emperor Yongle of Ming honored him as 'Perfected Warrior, Myst…
Observed on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, the day on which the Official of Earth grants pardon for sins. Daoist temples hold the Yellow Register Retreat a…
The Wuzhen pian (Awakening to Reality) is a collection of internal-alchemy poems by Zhang Boduan of the Northern Song, ranked together with the Zhouyi cantong qi as the t…
The Biography of the Perfected Lord Xu records the life and wonders of Xu Xun (c. 239–374) of the Eastern Jin: styled Jingzhi, a native of Nanchang, he once served as mag…
The Collected Compilation on the Treatise on Action and Response is the most widely circulated and voluminous of the many commentarial editions of the Treatise of the Mos…
The Youxiang Liexian Quanzhuan (Complete Illustrated Biographies of Immortals) in nine scrolls is the largest illustrated collection of immortal biographies from the Ming…
The Wudang Fudi Zongzhen Ji (Comprehensive Collection of the Perfected of the Blessed Land of Wudang), in three juan, is the earliest surviving gazetteer of the Wudang Mo…
The Xuanmen Risong Zaowan Gongke Jing (Daily Morning and Evening Liturgy of the Mysterious Gate) is a compilation of scriptures and litanies recited daily, morning and ev…
The Daojiao Wenhua Cidian (Dictionary of Daoist Culture) was edited by Zhang Zhizhe and published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House in 1994; it is a Daoist dictio…
Extended Meaning of the Tract on Hidden Merit is a commentary on the Tract on Hidden Merit composed by the Qing-dynasty lay Buddhist Zhou Mengyan (style name Siren, sobri…
Mount Lao, in Qingdao, Shandong, rises beside the Yellow Sea and is a famous Daoist mountain long known as 'the foremost famous mountain upon the sea'; the Quanzhen Suish…
The Chi Jian Da Yue Taihe Shan Zhi (Gazetteer of Mount Taihe, the Great Marchmount, Built by Imperial Decree) is the representative officially compiled gazetteer of the W…
The Gazetteer of the Wanshou Palace on Mount Xiaoyao, in twenty-two scrolls, records the history, institutions, and cult of Xu Xun at the Yulong Wanshou Palace on Mount X…
Ren Jiyu's Zhongguo Daojiao Shi (History of Chinese Daoism), published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in 1990, was the first continuous general history of Daoism p…
《大明玄天上帝瑞应图录》是明永乐朝为「北建故宫、南修武当」的武当大营建配套官修的瑞应图册，图文对照记录永乐十年至十七年间营建武当宫观时的「祥瑞显应」：黑云感应、榔梅呈瑞、五色圆光、骞林应祥等数十事，每事一图一记。其政治功能十分明确——朱棣以「靖难」得位，宣称真武「阴翊默赞」，此图录即以图像证明皇帝崇奉真武获得神明回应，为永乐政权的合法性叙…
Liaofan's Four Lessons is a Ming-dynasty book of instruction that Yuan Huang wrote for his son, divided into four chapters: "The Study of Establishing One's Destiny," "Th…
The Pearls Left Behind from the Sea of Rituals is a compendium of ritual methods assembled in the Yuan–Ming transition, in 46 juan; similar in nature to the Corpus of Dao…
The Perfected Sun's Treatise on Preserving Health (Sun zhenren sheyang lun), in one scroll, lists what to do and avoid for health preservation month by month through the …
The Pivot of Meaning of the Daoist Teaching (Daojiao yishu) is a compendium of Daoist doctrine compiled by the Tang priest Meng Anpai of Qingxi, expounding fundamental Da…
The Precious Canon of the Mysterious Metropolis (Yuan) (Xuandu baozang) is the largest Daoist canon in history. The Quanzhen Daoist Song Defang (sobriquet Pi Yunzi, a dis…
The Precious Records of the Jade Calendar is the most widely circulated illustrated morality book on hell, attributed to the Song-dynasty Daoist Danchi, who is said to ha…
Principles of the Balanced Cultivation of Nature and Life (Xingming guizhi) is the most widely circulated illustrated work of Ming-dynasty Internal Alchemy, attributed to…
《玄天上帝启圣录》八卷是真武传说最完备的集成文献。卷一以「王宫诞圣」「紫霄圆道」等四字标题分段，完整敷演玄帝本迹：托胎净乐国善胜皇后，十五岁辞父母出家，受玉清圣祖紫元君（紫气元君）点化授「无极上道」入武当修炼，中经「铁杵磨针」（老妪磨针、「功到自然成」）等考验，修炼四十二年，九月初九功成飞升，受册封为太玄元帅；卷二至卷八汇录宋代真武灵应故…
Records of Daoist Miraculous Efficacy is the most important collection of Daoist miracle-tales from the Tang and Five Dynasties, compiled by Du Guangting, gathering sever…
The Yongcheng jixian lu (Records of the Assembled Immortals of the Fortified Walled City) is China's first collective biographical compilation devoted exclusively to fema…
The Scripture of Laozi's Conversion of the Barbarians is a scripture produced by Daoism in the course of its disputes with Buddhism, claiming that after Laozi passed west…
The Yuhuang jing, in full the Scripture of the Original Deeds of the Jade Emperor (Gaoshang yuhuang benxing ji jing), is a scripture that appeared after the rise of the c…
《元始天尊说北方真武妙经》是真武（玄天上帝）信仰最核心的「本传」经典，经中元始天尊为妙行真人说真武来历：净乐国王与善胜皇后梦吞日光，怀胎十四月，于开皇元年三月初三日诞太子于王宫；太子「生而神灵，长而勇猛，不统王位，唯务修行」，誓断天下妖魔，遂辞父母入武当山修道四十二年，功成果满，白日登天，玉帝敕镇北方，统摄真武之位；又敕真武率天兵下界收断…
The Haikong Zhizang jing (Scripture of the Wisdom Treasury of Ocean-Emptiness) is a Daoist doctrinal scripture composed by the Tang-dynasty Chongxuan school in imitation …
The Scripture of Wisdom, Fixing the Will, and Penetrating the Subtle is one of the ancient Lingbao scriptures, presented in the form of a dialogue between the Most High L…
The Scripture Spoken by Lord Lao on Requiting the Profound Kindness of Parents proclaims, in the name of the Supreme Venerable Sovereign, the kindness of parents in beari…
The Daomen Jingfa Xiangcheng Cixu (Sequence of the Transmission of Daoist Scriptures and Methods) records the dialogue in which Emperor Gaozong of Tang travelled to Mount…
The Supplementary Daoist Canon of the Wanli Era (Wanli xu Daozang) was compiled and printed by imperial edict in the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli reign of Emperor Shenz…
The Wushang Biyao (Supreme Secret Essentials) is the earliest surviving Daoist encyclopedic compilation, commissioned by Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, who after suppressin…
The True Scripture of Awakening the World by Lord Guan is one of the "Three Sage Scriptures," the morality books of the Ming and Qing periods, attributed to Guan Yu (Lord…
「武当玄武派」作为有连续可考谱系的道派，文献依据相当薄弱；它今天的形态，本质上是 1989 年由武当山道教协会（首任会长王光德）恢复并统合而设的本山派系。其起源叙事有三种互相竞争的说法——明永乐十一年（1413）张宇清选调四百道士说、张三丰开创说、元代张守清一系说——三说均带有不同程度的追认性质：选调道士确有其事（任自垣《敕建大岳太和山志…
「武当＝武学圣地」的公众形象，是三重叠加的产物：黄宗羲《王征南墓志铭》（1669）一句「内家拳起于宋之张三峰」、民国中央国术馆把太极形意八卦划归「武当门」的分类建构、以及金庸与还珠楼主的小说想象。真实的武当道教以真武信仰、斋醮科仪、内丹修炼为主体，武术是附属，且大量内容为民国以来整合追认；但当代武当山又以这一形象为依托，重建了确实存在且已…
玄武最初不是神，而是天上的一片星区：二十八宿中北方七宿连缀成龟蛇缠绕之形，与青龙、白虎、朱雀并为四象。此后两千年，这个星象一步步走向人格化的至上神：六朝隋唐被道教吸收为北方之神；宋真宗为避「圣祖」赵玄朗名讳改「玄武」为「真武」，此后宋室累加封号；元成宗大德七年（1303）加封「玄天上帝」，由真君升格为上帝；明成祖借「靖难显圣」尊为皇室保护…
武当山是玄天上帝信仰的祖庭：九宫九观 33 处建筑群、约 160 万平方米，1994 年整体列入《世界遗产名录》，从山脚均州净乐宫到 1612 米天柱峰金殿，整座山被明代皇家营造成一部真武圣传的建筑叙事。而玄帝信仰的地理远不止武当：珠三角以佛山祖庙为中心的「北帝」系统、潮汕陆丰玄武山元山寺与南洋潮人的分香网络、泉州法石真武庙的海神化转型、…